不便外发的段落 | 丰田汽车 /Toyota

正文7. 争议 | Controversies

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

7.1 腐蚀诉讼案 | Corrosion lawsuit

In November 2016, Toyota agreed to pay $3.4 billion to settle allegations that roughly one-and-a-half million of its Tacoma, Tundra, and Sequoia pickup trucks and SUVs had been outfitted with frames prone to corrosion and perforation. According to court papers, the corrosion could reach levels high enough to compromise the vehicle's structural integrity.[217]
【参考译文】2016年11月，丰田同意支付34亿美元，以解决对其大约150万辆塔科马（Tacoma）、坦途（Tundra）和红杉（Sequoia）皮卡和SUV存在配备易腐蚀和穿孔车架的指控。根据法庭文件，腐蚀可能达到足以损害车辆结构完整性的程度。[217]

7.2 过劳死 | Death from overwork

See also: Karōshi【另见：过劳死】

On February 9, 2002, Kenichi Uchino, aged 30 years, a quality control manager, collapsed then died at work.[218][219] On January 2, 2006, an unnamed chief engineer of the Camry Hybrid, aged 45 years, died from heart failure in his bed.[218]
【参考译文】2002年2月9日，30岁的质量控制经理内池健一（Kenichi Uchino）在工作中突然倒下并死亡。[218][219]2006年1月2日，一位45岁的凯美瑞混合动力汽车（Camry Hybrid）的首席工程师（未具名）在睡眠中死于心力衰竭。[218]

7.3 环境违规罚款 | Fines for environmental breaches

In 2003, Toyota was fined $34 million for violating the United States Clean Air Act, as 2.2 million vehicles it sold had defective smog-control computers.[220]
【参考译文】2003年，丰田因违反美国《清洁空气法》而被罚款3400万美元，因为其销售的220万辆汽车安装了有缺陷的烟雾控制电脑。[220]

In January 2021, Toyota was fined $180 million for delays in reporting emissions-related defects to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) between 2005 and 2015.[89][221][222] The acting U.S. attorney said that the delays "likely led to delayed or avoided emissions-related recalls", although Toyota stated that despite the delays in reporting the issues to the EPA, it had notified customers and fixed the cars with the emissions defects.[222] At the time, this was the biggest civil penalty ever levied for violating the EPA's emission reporting requirements.[89][221]
【参考译文】2021年1月，丰田因在2005年至2015年期间未及时向美国环境保护局（EPA）报告与排放相关的缺陷而被罚款1.8亿美元。[89][221][222]美国代理检察官表示，这些延误“很可能导致排放相关的召回延迟或避免”，尽管丰田表示，尽管在向EPA报告这些问题时存在延误，但它已通知客户并修复了存在排放缺陷的汽车。[222]当时，这是违反EPA排放报告要求所征收的最大民事罚款。[89][221]

7.4 2009-2011年非故意加速召回事件 | 2009–2011 unintended acceleration recalls

See also: 2009–2011 Toyota vehicle recalls【另见：2009-2011年丰田汽车召回事件】

Between 2009 and 2011 Toyota, under pressure from the U.S. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), conducted recalls of millions of vehicles after reports that several drivers experienced unintended acceleration. The first recall, in November 2009, was to prevent a front driver's side floor mat from sliding into the foot pedal well, causing the pedals to become trapped. The second recall, in January 2010, was begun after some crashes were shown not to have been caused by floor mats and may be caused by possible mechanical sticking of the accelerator pedal.[66] Worldwide, approximately 9 million cars and trucks were impacted by the recalls.[68]
【参考译文】2009年至2011年期间，在美国国家公路交通安全管理局（NHTSA）的压力下，丰田对数百万辆汽车进行了召回，因为有报道称几名司机遭遇了非故意加速的情况。第一次召回是在2009年11月，目的是防止驾驶员一侧的前脚垫滑入脚踏板凹槽，导致踏板被卡住。第二次召回是在2010年1月，因为一些事故表明并非由脚垫引起，而可能是由油门踏板可能出现的机械性卡滞导致。[66]全球范围内，大约有900万辆汽车和卡车受到了这些召回的影响。[68]

NHTSA received reports of a total of 37 deaths allegedly related to unintended acceleration, although an exact number was never verified.[67] As a result of the problems, Toyota faced nearly 100 lawsuits from the families of those killed, drivers who were injured, vehicle owners who lost resale value, and investors who saw a drop in the value of their shares. While most of the personal injury and wrongful death lawsuits were settled confidentially,[69] Toyota did spend more than US$1 billion to settle a class action lawsuit to compensate owners for lost resale value,[70] and the company agreed to pay a US$1.2 billion criminal penalty to the United States government over accusations that it had intentionally hid information about safety defects from the public and had made deceptive statements to protect its brand image. The penalty was the largest ever levied against a car company.[71]
【参考译文】NHTSA收到了据称与非故意加速有关的共37例死亡报告，但确切数字从未得到证实。[67]由于这些问题，丰田面临了近100起诉讼，包括死者家属、受伤司机、失去转售价值的车辆车主以及看到其股票价值下跌的投资者提起的诉讼。虽然大多数人身伤害和错误死亡诉讼都是秘密解决的，[69]但丰田确实花费了超过10亿美元来解决一起集体诉讼，以赔偿车主转售价值的损失，[70]并且该公司同意向美国政府支付12亿美元的刑事罚款，因为被指控故意向公众隐瞒安全缺陷信息，并发表欺骗性声明以保护其品牌形象。这是有史以来对汽车公司征收的最大一笔罚款。[71]

7.5 高田气囊召回事件 | Takata airbag recalls

See also: Takata airbag recalls【参见：高田气囊召回事件】

Toyota was impacted by a recall of faulty airbag inflators made by Takata. The inflators can explode, shooting metal fragments into the vehicle cabin. Millions of vehicles produced between 2000 and 2014 were impacted by the recall, with some needing multiple repairs.[223][224] As of January 2024, over 100 million Takata air bag inflators worldwide have been recalled by more than 20 carmakers.[225]
【参考译文】丰田受到高田生产的故障安全气囊充气装置的召回影响。这些充气装置可能爆炸，将金属碎片射入车厢内。2000年至2014年间生产的数百万辆汽车都受到了召回的影响，其中一些汽车需要多次维修。[223][224]截至2024年1月，全球已有超过20家汽车制造商召回了超过1亿个高田安全气囊充气装置。[225]

7.6 2010年6月中国劳工罢工 | June 2010 Chinese labour strike

On June 21, 2010, a Chinese labor strike happened in Tianjin Toyoda Gosei Co, Tianjin. Workers demanded better wages and treatment.[226]
【参考译文】2010年6月21日，中国天津丰田合成公司发生罢工，工人们要求提高工资和待遇。[226]

7.7 极端用法 | Extremist usage

In 2015, U.S. officials asked Toyota how the Islamic State was in possession of so many Toyota trucks.[227] Toyota cars have also been documented to have been used by other extremist organizations such as the Taliban, Hamas, Al-shabab and Somali pirates.[228][229][230] Toyota representatives have said the company has a strict policy to not sell vehicles to potential purchasers who may use or modify them for paramilitary or terrorist activities and that it cannot track aftermarket sales and that it has worked with the U.S Treasury to brief them on Toyota's supply chain on the Middle East.[231]
【参考译文】2015年，美国官员询问丰田，伊斯兰国是如何拥有如此多丰田卡车的。[227]也有文件记载，丰田汽车被其他极端组织如塔利班、哈马斯、青年党和索马里海盗所使用。[228][229][230]丰田代表表示，公司有一项严格政策，即不向可能将车辆用于准军事或恐怖活动的潜在买家出售车辆，并且公司无法追踪售后销售情况，但已与美国财政部合作，向他们通报丰田在中东的供应链情况。[231]

7.8 误导性营销 | Misleading marketing

In its marketing, Toyota has often referred to its non-plug-in hybrid vehicles as "self-charging hybrid" vehicles. The use of the term has caused some criticism that this is misleading, as some consumers were led to erroneously believe that these vehicles charge their batteries on their own when the vehicles are not used.[232] Complaints about self-charging hybrid advertising were recorded in Ireland, although the complaints were rejected by the Advertising Standards Authority of Ireland.[233] However, in 2020, the Norwegian Consumer Authority banned the adverts outright in Norway, stating: "It is misleading to give the impression that the power to the hybrid battery is free of charge, since the electricity produced by the car has consumption of gasoline as a necessary condition."[234]
【参考译文】在营销中，丰田经常将其非插电式混合动力汽车称为“自充电混合动力”汽车。该术语的使用引起了一些批评，认为这是误导性的，因为一些消费者被错误地引导认为这些车辆在不用时会自动为其电池充电。[232]爱尔兰记录了关于自充电混合动力广告的投诉，但爱尔兰广告标准局驳回了这些投诉。[233]然而，2020年，挪威消费者管理局在挪威全面禁止了这些广告，称：“给人留下混合动力电池动力免费的印象是误导性的，因为汽车产生的电力以汽油消耗为必要条件。”[234]

Electric vehicle website IrishEVs criticised Toyota Ireland for paying University College Dublin to conduct a study of only seven examples of their hybrid cars over seven days to make a press release about the efficiency of the vehicles.[235][236] The website also criticised Toyota Ireland for using opinion polls to substantiate a claim about their CO2 emissions on Twitter.[237]
【参考译文】电动汽车网站IrishEVs批评丰田爱尔兰分公司聘请都柏林大学学院对七辆混合动力汽车进行了为期七天的研究，并发布了一份关于这些汽车效率的新闻稿。[235][236]该网站还批评丰田爱尔兰分公司在Twitter上使用民意调查来证实其二氧化碳排放量的说法。[237]

7.9 大发汽车安全相关不当行为 | Safety-related misconduct by Daihatsu

In April 2023, it was revealed that Toyota subsidiary Daihatsu had cheated by rigging some models to perform better in crash tests than actual production cars. The vehicles in question had a notch in the interior panel of the front door which avoided the possibility of the collision creating a sharp edge that could have injured an occupant when the side airbag deployed. This notch was present on the tested vehicles but not on vehicles sold to the public.[238]
【参考译文】2023年4月，有消息透露，丰田子公司大发汽车（Daihatsu）通过在碰撞测试中作弊，使一些车型的表现优于实际生产的汽车。这些有问题的车辆在前门内饰板上有一个凹槽，可以避免碰撞时产生可能伤害乘客的锋利边缘，尤其是在侧面安全气囊展开时。这个凹槽存在于测试车辆上，但并未出现在向公众出售的车辆上。[238]

The issue affected four models, the Toyota Yaris Ativ (also known as the Vios), Perodua Axia, Toyota Agya, and an undisclosed upcoming product. No recall was conducted over the issue.[238]
【参考译文】此次问题影响了四款车型，包括丰田 Yaris Ativ（又名 Vios）、Perodua Axia、丰田 Agya 和一款未披露的即将上市的产品。目前尚未针对该问题进行召回。[238]

In December 2023, Daihatsu halted shipments of 64 models, including two dozens branded as Toyota, after safety investigations uncovered misconduct far greater in scope than previously expected. In some models, the test speeds and results of headrest impact tests were falsified. In models such as the TownAce and Pixis Joy, the airbag control unit used in testing was different from the part installed on vehicles sold to the public. Affected markets included Japan as well as Bolivia, Cambodia, Chile, Ecuador, Indonesia, Malaysia, Mexico, Peru, Thailand, Uruguay, and Vietnam.[239]
【参考译文】2023 年 12 月，大发停止了 64 款车型的出货，其中包括 20 款丰田品牌车型，此前安全调查发现，违规行为的范围远超之前的预期。在某些车型中，头枕撞击测试的测试速度和结果存在造假。在 TownAce 和 Pixis Joy 等车型中，测试中使用的安全气囊控制单元与安装在向公众销售的车辆上的部件不同。受影响的市场包括日本、玻利维亚、柬埔寨、智利、厄瓜多尔、印度尼西亚、马来西亚、墨西哥、秘鲁、泰国、乌拉圭和越南。[239]

On 29 January 2024, Koji Sato publicly apologized to customers, dealers and suppliers for the flawed testing.[240]
【参考译文】2024 年 1 月 29 日，佐藤浩二就存在缺陷的测试向客户、经销商和供应商公开道歉。[240]