不便外发的段落 | 美国航空 / American Airlines

正文7. 担忧和冲突 | Concerns and conflicts

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

7.1 环境违规 | Environmental violations

Between October 1993 to July 1998, American Airlines was repeatedly cited for using high-sulfur fuel in motor vehicles at 10 major airports around the country, a violation of the Clean Air Act.[144]
【参考译文】从1993年10月至1998年7月期间，美国航空因在全国十大主要机场使用高硫燃料而多次受到处罚，这违反了《清洁空气法》[144]。

7.2 终身AAirpass | Lifetime AAirpass

Main article: AAirpass【主条目：AAirpass】

Since 1981, as a means of creating revenue in a period of loss-making, American Airlines had offered a lifetime pass of unlimited travel, for the initial cost of $250,000.[145] This entitled the pass holder to fly anywhere in the world. Twenty-eight were sold. However, after some time, the airline realized they were making losses on the tickets, with the ticketholders costing them up to $1 million each. Ticketholders were booking large numbers of flights with some ticketholders flying interstate for lunch or flying to London multiple times a month. AA raised the cost of the lifetime pass to $3 million, and then finally stopped offering it in 2003. AA then used litigation to cancel two of the lifetime offers, saying the passes "had been terminated due to fraudulent activity".[146]
【参考译文】自1981年以来，在亏损期间为了创收，美国航空曾提供无限制旅行的终身通行证，初始费用为25万美元[145]。这使持证人有权飞往世界各地。共售出了28张。然而，一段时间后，航空公司意识到他们在机票上遭受损失，每张票的成本高达100万美元。持票人预订了大量的航班，有些持票人甚至为了午餐而进行跨州飞行或每月多次飞往伦敦。美国航空将终身通行证的价格提高到了300万美元，然后最终在2003年停止了这一优惠。美国航空随后通过诉讼取消了两个终身优惠，声称这些通行证“因欺诈活动而被终止”[146]。

7.3 客舱烟雾事件 | Cabin fume events

• In 1988, on American Airlines Flight 132's approach into Nashville, flight attendants notified the cockpit that there was smoke in the cabin. The flight crew in the cockpit ignored the warning, as on a prior flight, a fume event had occurred due to a problem with the auxiliary power unit. However, the smoke on Flight 132 was caused by improperly packaged hazardous materials. According to the NTSB inquiry, the cockpit crew persistently refused to acknowledge that there was a serious threat to the aircraft or the passengers, even after they were told that the floor was becoming soft and passengers had to be reseated. As a result, the aircraft was not evacuated immediately on landing, exposing the crew and passengers to the threat of smoke and fire longer than necessary.[147][148]
  【参考译文】1988年，在美国航空132航班接近纳什维尔时，乘务员通知驾驶舱客舱内有烟雾。驾驶舱的机组人员忽略了警告，因为在之前的航班中，由于辅助动力装置的问题发生了一次烟雾事件。然而，132航班上的烟雾是由包装不当的危险材料引起的。根据NTSB的调查，驾驶舱机组人员持续拒绝承认飞机或乘客存在严重威胁，即使他们被告知地板正在变得软化，乘客必须重新就座。因此，飞机着陆后没有立即疏散，使机组人员和乘客暴露在烟雾和火灾威胁下比必要的时间更长[147][148]。

• On April 11, 2007, toxic smoke and oil fumes leaked into the aircraft cabin as American Airlines Flight 843 taxied to the gate. A flight attendant who was present in the cabin subsequently filed a lawsuit against Boeing, stating that she was diagnosed with neurotoxic disorder due to her exposure to the fumes, which caused her to experience memory loss, tremors, and severe headaches. She settled with the company in 2011.[149]
  【参考译文】2007年4月11日，有毒烟雾和油雾在美国航空843航班滑行至停机位时泄漏进客舱。当时在客舱的一名乘务员随后对波音公司提起了诉讼，称她被诊断出神经毒性障碍，这是由于她接触烟雾导致的，这使她经历了记忆丧失、颤抖和剧烈头痛的症状。她在2011年与公司达成了和解[149]。

• In 2009, Mike Holland, deputy chairman for radiation and environmental issues at the Allied Pilots Association and an American Airlines pilot, said that the pilot union had started alerting pilots of the danger of contaminated bleed air, including contacting crew members that the union thinks were exposed to contamination based on maintenance records and pilot logs.[150]
  【参考译文】2009年，美国飞行员协会副主席Mike Holland（负责辐射和环境问题）和美国航空飞行员表示，飞行员工会已经开始提醒飞行员注意受污染的引气空气的危险，包括联系工会认为根据维护记录和飞行员日志可能已经暴露在污染下的机组成员[150]。

• In a January 2017 incident on American Airlines Flight 1896, seven flight attendants were hospitalized after a strange odor was detected in the cabin. The Airbus A330 involved subsequently underwent a "thorough maintenance inspection", having been involved in three fume events in three months.[151][152]
  【参考译文】在2017年1月发生的美国航空1896航班事件中，七名乘务员在发现客舱中有奇怪气味后被送往医院。涉及的空中客车A330随后进行了“彻底的维护检查”，因为这架飞机在过去三个月内发生了三次烟雾事件[151][152]。

• In August 2018, American Airlines flight attendants picketed in front of the Fort Worth company headquarters over a change in sick day policy, complaining that exposure to ill passengers, toxic uniforms, toxic cabin air, radiation exposure, and other issues were causing them to be sick.[153][154]
  【参考译文】2018年8月，美国航空的乘务员在其沃思堡公司总部前抗议，抗议病假政策的改变，抱怨接触生病的乘客、有毒制服、有毒客舱空气、辐射暴露以及其他问题导致他们生病[153][154]。

• In January 2019, two pilots and three flight attendants on Flight 1897 from Philadelphia to Fort Lauderdale were hospitalized following complaints of a strange odor.[155][156]
  【参考译文】2019年1月，从费城飞往福特劳德岱尔的1897航班上的两名飞行员和三名乘务员在投诉有奇怪气味后被送往医院[155][156]。

7.4 歧视投诉 | Discrimination complaints

On October 24, 2017, the NAACP issued a travel advisory for American Airlines urging African Americans to "exercise caution" when traveling with the airline. The NAACP issued the advisory after four incidents. In one incident, a black woman was moved from first class to coach while her white traveling companion was allowed to remain in first class. In another incident, a black man was forced to give up his seats after being confronted by two unruly white passengers.[157] According to the NAACP, while they did receive complaints on other airlines, most of their complaints in the year before their advisory were on American Airlines.[158] In July 2018, the NAACP lifted their travel advisory saying that American has made improvements to mitigate discrimination and unsafe treatment of African Americans.[159]
{参考译文】2017年10月24日，全国有色人种协进会（NAACP）针对美国航空发布了一份旅行警告，敦促非洲裔美国人在乘坐该公司航班时要“保持警惕”。这份警告是在四起事件之后发布的。其中一起事件中，一名黑人女性被从头等舱移到了经济舱，而她的白人同行者却被允许继续留在头等舱。在另一事件中，一名黑人男子在两名行为恶劣的白人乘客面前被迫放弃了自己的座位[157]。据NAACP表示，尽管他们确实收到了针对其他航空公司的投诉，但他们在发布警告前一年收到的大多数投诉都是针对美国航空的[158]。2018年7月，NAACP撤销了旅行警告，称美国航空已经采取措施来减轻对非洲裔美国人的歧视和不安全对待[159]。

正文8. 事故 | Accidents and incidents

This section is an excerpt from List of American Airlines accidents and incidents.
【参考译文】本节摘自“美国航空公司事故和事件列表”的一部分。

As of March 2019, American Airlines has had almost sixty aircraft hull losses, beginning with the crash of an Ford 5-AT-C Trimotor in August 1931.[160][161] Of the hull losses, most were propeller driven aircraft, including three Lockheed L-188 Electra aircraft (of which one, the crash in 1959 of Flight 320, resulted in fatalities).[161] The two accidents with the highest fatalities in both the airline's and U.S. aviation history were Flight 191 in 1979 and Flight 587 in 2001.[162]
【参考译文】截至2019年3月，美国航空已有近六十次飞机机身损毁事故，最早可追溯到1931年8月的一起Ford 5-AT-C Trimotor坠机事件[160][161]。在这些机身损毁事故中，大多数涉及的是螺旋桨驱动的飞机，其中包括三架Lockheed L-188 Electra飞机（其中一架在1959年的Flight 320坠机事故中造成了人员伤亡）[161]。在航空公司历史上以及美国航空史上最致命的两次事故分别是1979年的Flight 191和2001年的Flight 587[162]。

Out of the 17 hijackings of American Airlines flights, two aircraft were hijacked and destroyed in the September 11 attacks: Flight 11 crashed into the North Tower of the World Trade Center, and Flight 77 crashed into the Pentagon.[163] Flight 11, which is responsible for an estimated 1,700 deaths, is the deadliest air crash in the history of aviation.
【参考译文】在美国航空公司航班遭遇的17起劫机事件中，有两架飞机在9·11袭击中被劫持并摧毁：Flight 11撞向了世界贸易中心的北楼，而Flight 77则撞向了五角大楼[163]。Flight 11造成的估计死亡人数约为1700人，这是航空史上最致命的空难。

There were two training flight accidents in which the crew was killed and six that resulted in no fatalities.[161] Another four jet aircraft have been written off due to incidents while they were parked between flights or while undergoing maintenance.[161]
【参考译文】有两次训练飞行事故导致机组人员遇难，另有六次事故未造成人员死亡[161]。另外，有四架喷气式飞机因在航班间歇停放或进行维修时发生事故而报废[161]。

辽观注：以下为来自中文词条的重要事故。

• 1959年2月3日，美国航空320号班机，洛克希德L-188飞机，由于飞行员出错，坠毁在拉瓜迪亚机场附近。

• 1962年3月1日，美国航空1号班机，波音707飞机，由于维修故障引起方向舵失灵，从Idewild机场(现在的肯尼迪机场)起飞后不久便坠毁。

• 1972年6月12日，一架全新的美航DC-10，从底特律起飞后不久突然高空失压，航机最终迫降成功，全机人员生还（温莎事件）。其后调查员发现，这款飞机的货舱门设计有误，会引致飞行途中突然脱落。

• 1976年4月27日，美国航空625号班机，波音727飞机，坠毁在美属维尔京群岛圣托马斯附近。

• 1979年5月25日，美国航空191号班机，麦道DC-10飞机，坠毁在芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场。

• 1995年12月20日，美国航空965号班机，波音757飞机，坠毁在哥伦比亚的卡利附近。

• 1999年6月1日，美国航空1420号班机，麦道MD-82飞机，在阿肯色州小岩城机场着陆时坠毁。

• 在2001年9月11日恐怖分子劫机事件中，两架美国航空公司飞机被劫持并且坠毁：美国航空77号班机(波音757)和美国航空11号班机(波音767)。

• 2001年11月12日，美国航空587号班机，空中客车A300飞机，坠毁在纽约皇后区。

• 2001年12月22日，美国航空63号班机曾差被“鞋子炸弹攻击者”理查德·里德而坠毁，然而最后阴谋挫败。飞机在从法国戴高乐机场到迈阿密国际机场的途中，转往波士顿的洛根国际机场。

• 2009年12月22日，美国航空331号班机，波音737-800飞机从美国迈阿密飞往牙买加首都金士顿，于当地时间22日晚冒大雨抵达金士顿诺曼-曼利国际机场，降落后断为两截，有报道称，40名乘客在事故中受伤。

• 2016年10月28日，美国航空383号班机，波音767在芝加哥奥黑尔国际机场准备起飞时，因为轮胎爆裂起火，机上170名乘客及机组人员及时逃生，二十一人受轻伤。[40]