不便外发的段落 | 德国之声 / Deutsche Welle

维基百科词条中不便在中国内地公共平台(知乎专栏等)发布的段落,我们将在自己的网站发布,并通过超链接将您引导至这里。 文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。 我们的目的在于为观众提供观察样本,其中可能包含与您预期不同的观点,请理性看待。

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7/13/20241 min read

正文6. 批评与争议

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

6.1 张丹红事件

2008年8月4日,北京奥运会开幕前四天,时任德国之声中文部副主任的张丹红受邀参加德国电视二台一访谈话节目时,宣称中华人民共和国在过去的几十年中成功“使四亿人脱贫”,说明“中国共产党比世界上任何一支政治力量在实践人权宣言第三条方面的贡献都要大”[17]。此前的7月24日,张丹红在德国电视二台节目中谈到西藏时表示,中共“为保护西藏文化做了很多事情”等。张丹红其后被迫从德国之声离职[18]支持张丹红的中文部主任冯海音被调至中央部担任编辑[19]

针对此事,中国媒体普遍指责德国存在“反华情绪”和“反华势力”,说张丹红“因言获罪”与西方标榜的“新闻自由不符”。人民网认为,德国之声标榜客观公正,但自从2008年张丹红离职之后,经过改组的德国之声中文部对中华人民共和国之抨击与日俱增,上万份中文报道“遭审查”。并且不再像以往那样每周刊出读者留言。而以往的读者留言,批评德国之声的评论占有很大的一部分[20]。在德国的华人异议人士组成的“联邦共和国作家圈”要求清查德国之声员工政治背景和审核中文部过去五年节目内容,环球网批评这一要求“是要搞新闻检查”[21]中国网报道指,张丹红在任职期间,也发表过不少“反华言论”,呼吁公众理性看待该事件[22]

德国《焦点》杂志称,张丹红“过于客观公正的观点”,表示张违反“德国之声”的宗旨。2008年9月,海外异议人士徐沛批评张丹红用流利的德语讲出中宣部谎言,正如德国社会民主党议员Dieter Wiefelspütz所形容的“独一无二的灾难”[23][24][25],并且谴责张丹红于中共在法轮功成员器官争议发生时还为中共说话[26]

在各方压力下,8月30日,德国之声电台中文网发表官方声明,称“张丹红并没有解除工作”“她接受的为数不少的媒体访谈中,有一次她的一些表达与德国之声所秉承的主导理念不相符合”“在调查结束前,惯常做法是暂停针对公众的活动”。此声明再次引发中国媒体与舆论质疑,《青年参考》质询德国之声中文部,“为什么一位工作了18年的资深记者‘有一次一些表述与主导理念不相符合’,就停止她的职务?[27][28]”2011年5月,四名被德国之声裁撤的华人员工发布公开信,控诉德国之声中文部“设置秘密‘监督员’,清除‘异己’员工”。公开信详细回忆了北京奥运会前发生的张丹红事件前后经过,并称自己“是2008年‘中国论战’迟来的牺牲品”[28][29]。2013年,冯海音回任中文部主任[19]

6.2 反犹主义的争议 | Antisemitism controversies

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

Reporting from The Guardian in January 2020 raised allegations of “sexual harassment, racism, antisemitism, and severe bullying” within the organization.[62]
【参考译文】2020年1月,《卫报》的报道对该组织内部“性骚扰、种族主义、反犹太主义和严重欺凌”行为提出指控。[1]

On 5 December 2021, Deutsche Welle announced that it would suspend its partnership with a Jordanian partner, Roya TV, on account of antisemitic content published on Roya’s social media.[63] Guido Baumhauer, a senior executive with DW, apologized, saying: “We are truly sorry that we did not notice these disgusting images.”[63] Roya TV rejected the accusation and said it was the target of “hostile campaign” by unnamed parties.[64]
【参考译文】2021年12月5日,德国之声宣布,由于在罗亚的社交媒体上发布了反犹太主义内容,它将暂停与约旦合作伙伴罗亚电视台的合作关系。[1]德国之声的高级管理人员Guido Baumhauer道歉说:“我们真的很抱歉没有注意到这些令人厌恶的图片。” [1]罗亚电视台拒绝了这一指控,并表示这是匿名政党“敌对运动”的目标。[2]

In November 2021, Süddeutsche Zeitung published an investigation into social media comments allegedly made by members of DW’s Arabic service, including posts that appeared to downplay the Holocaust or perpetuate anti-Jewish stereotypes.[65][66] On 3 December 2021, DW announced that it was suspending four employees and one freelancer during an external investigation, to be led by former German Justice Minister Sabine Leutheusser-Schnarrenberger and psychologist Ahmad Mansour, into the allegations.[63][65] On 7 February, this investigation concluded that DW was correct to suspend these five employees, and recommended further action against eight other employees; it also recommended ending cooperation agreements with some Middle East-based news outlets, but concluded that there was no “structural antisemitism” at DW.[66] Following the report, DW terminated the contracts of several other employees, including the former bureau chief in Beirut, who advocated the execution of “[a]nyone who has to do with the Israelis”; an employee who claimed that Israel controls people’s brains “through art, media and music”; and a third journalist had posted “the Holocaust is a lie.”[67][68] Several of those fired stated that they had not been given a chance to defend their case, criticized DW’s lack of clarity regarding guidelines for what constituted antisemitism, and said they felt they were being censored in what they could write about the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.[69][67]
【参考译文】2021年11月,《南德意志报》发表了一项针对德国之声阿拉伯语部门成员在社交媒体上发表的评论的调查,其中包括似乎淡化大屠杀或助长反犹太定型观念的帖子。[1][2]2021年12月3日,德国之声宣布,在由前德国司法部长萨宾·洛休伊斯-施纳伦伯格和心理学家艾哈迈德·曼苏尔领导的一项外部调查期间,暂停四名员工和一名自由职业者的工作。[1][2]2021年2月7日,该调查得出结论,德国之声暂停这五名员工是正确的,并建议对其他八名员工采取进一步行动;它还建议终止与一些中东新闻机构的合作协议,但得出结论认为德国之声没有“结构性反犹太主义”。[2]报告发布后,德国之声终止了其他几名员工的合同,包括贝鲁特前分社社长(他主张处决“与以色列人有任何关系的人”);一名声称以色列通过艺术、媒体和音乐控制人们大脑的员工;第三名记者曾在社交媒体上发帖称“大屠杀是一个谎言”。[3][4]被解雇的几名员工表示,他们没有机会为自己辩护,批评德国之声在反犹太主义的定义上缺乏明确性,并表示他们感到在撰写有关以色列-巴勒斯坦冲突的文章时受到审查。[5][4]

In September 2022, Farah Maraqa, one of seven Arab employees of DW fired[69] in February, subsequently sued DW and won her case. The court ruled that her dismissal on charges of anti-Semitism was “legally unjustified”. A former colleague, Maram Salem, won her case in July against DW for unlawful termination, ruling that her Facebook posts were not anti-Semitic.[70]
【参考译文】2022年9月,法拉·马拉卡(Farah Maraqa),在2月份被解雇的七名阿拉伯员工之一,[5]随后起诉德国之声并赢得了官司。法院裁定,因反犹太主义指控将其解雇是“没有法律依据的”。一名前同事马拉姆·萨利姆(Maram Salem)在7月份起诉德国之声非法终止合同并胜诉,裁定其Facebook帖子不具有反犹太主义性质。[6]

Also in September 2022, Deutsche Welle updated its Code of Conduct to include “Germany’s historical responsibility for the Holocaust is also a reason for which we support the right of Israel to exist” among their values and noted antisemitism is grounds for dismissal.[71] The updated code of conduct is thought to improve Deutsche Welle’s chances of successfully terminating antisemitic employees in the future.[72]
【参考译文】同样在2022年9月,德国之声更新了其行为准则,在其价值观中纳入了“德国对大屠杀的历史责任也是我们支持以色列存在的理由”的说法,并指出反犹太主义是解雇的理由。[7]更新后的行为准则被认为将提高德国之声未来成功解雇反犹太主义员工的机会。[8]

In August 2023, The New Arab published the results of a year long investigation by Palestinian news website Arab48 which concluded that Arab employees were unfairly dismissed over largely spurious antisemitism charges.[73][74]
【参考译文】2023年8月,《新阿拉伯人》发表了巴勒斯坦新闻网站阿拉伯48进行的一项为期一年的调查结果,该调查得出结论,阿拉伯员工因基本上是虚假的反犹太主义指控而被不公平地解雇。[7][75]