不便外发的段落 | 甲骨文公司 / Oracle Corporation

正文5. 争议 | Controversies

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

5.1 垃圾门 | Trashgate

In 2000, Oracle attracted attention from the computer industry and the press after hiring private investigators to dig through the trash of organizations involved in an antitrust trial against Microsoft.[115] The Chairman of Oracle Corporation, Larry Ellison, staunchly defended his company's hiring of an East Coast detective agency to investigate groups that supported rival Microsoft Corporation during its antitrust trial, calling the snooping a "public service". The investigation reportedly included a $1,200 offer to janitors at the Association for Competitive Technology to look through Microsoft's trash. When asked how he would feel if others were looking into Oracle's business activities, Ellison said: "We will ship our garbage to Redmond, and they can go through it. We believe in full disclosure."[116] 【参考译文】2000年，甲骨文公司因为在针对微软的反垄断诉讼中雇用私人侦探翻查涉案组织的垃圾而引起了计算机行业和媒体的关注。甲骨文公司董事长Larry Ellison坚决为其公司雇用东海岸侦探机构调查在微软反垄断诉讼期间支持对手微软公司的团体的行为辩护，称这种窥探行为是一种“公共服务”。据报道，这项调查包括向Association for Competitive Technology的清洁工提供1200美元的报酬，让他们查看微软的垃圾。当被问及如果其他人也在调查甲骨文的商业活动他会作何感想时，Ellison说：“我们可以把我们的垃圾运到雷德蒙德去，让他们去翻找。我们相信全面披露。”[116]

5.2 “打不破，闯不进去”| "Can't break it, can't break in"

In 2002, Oracle Corporation marketed many of its products using the slogan "Can't break it, can't break in", or "Unbreakable".[117] This signified a claim of information security. Oracle Corporation also stressed the reliability of networked databases and network access to databases as major selling points.
【参考译文】2002年，甲骨文公司使用口号“无法破坏，无法入侵”，或“坚不可破”来推销其许多产品。[117] 这一口号表明了对信息安全性的声明。甲骨文公司还强调网络数据库的可靠性和对数据库的网络访问为主要卖点。

However, two weeks after its introduction, David Litchfield, Alexander Kornbrust, Cesar Cerrudo and others demonstrated a whole suite of successful attacks against Oracle products.[118][119] Oracle Corporation's chief security officer Mary Ann Davidson said that, rather than representing a literal claim of Oracle's products' impregnability, she saw the campaign in the context of fourteen independent security evaluations[120] that Oracle Corporation's database server had passed.
【参考译文】然而，在这一口号推出两周后，David Litchfield、Alexander Kornbrust、Cesar Cerrudo等人演示了一系列针对甲骨文产品的成功攻击。[118][119] 甲骨文公司的首席安全官Mary Ann Davidson表示，与其说这是对甲骨文产品不可攻破性的字面声称，她认为这一活动是在甲骨文公司数据库服务器通过的14个独立安全评估的背景下展开的。[120]

5.3 与约翰·阿什克罗夫特的关系 | Relationship with John Ashcroft

In 2004, then-United States Attorney General John Ashcroft sued Oracle Corporation to prevent it from acquiring a multibillion-dollar intelligence contract. After Ashcroft's resignation from government, he founded a lobbying firm, The Ashcroft Group, which Oracle hired in 2005. With the group's help, Oracle went on to acquire the contract.[121]
【参考译文】2004年，当时的美国司法部长John Ashcroft起诉甲骨文公司，阻止其获得一项价值数十亿美元的情报合同。在Ashcroft辞去政府职务后，他成立了一家游说公司——Ashcroft集团，甲骨文公司在2005年聘请了该公司。在该集团的帮助下，甲骨文最终获得了这份合同。[121]

5.4 远征作战支援系统 | Expeditionary Combat Support System

Computer Sciences Corporation, as the prime contractor, reportedly spent a billion dollars developing the Expeditionary Combat Support System for the United States Air Force. It yielded no significant capability, because, according to an Air Force source, the prime contractor "was simply not up to the task of adapting" the Oracle software, on which the system was based, to meet the specialized performance criteria.[122]
【参考译文】据报道，计算机科学公司作为总承包商，斥资 10 亿美元为美国空军开发远征作战支援系统。但该系统并未产生重大影响，因为据空军消息人士称，总承包商“根本无法胜任调整”该系统所基于的 Oracle 软件，使其满足专门的性能标准。[122]

5.5 覆盖俄勒冈医疗保健交易所 | Cover Oregon Healthcare Exchange

Oracle Corporation was awarded a contract by the State of Oregon's Oregon Health Authority (OHA) to develop Cover Oregon, the state's healthcare exchange website, as part of the U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. When the site tried to go live on October 1, 2013, it failed, and registrations had to be taken using paper applications until the site could be fixed.
【参考译文】甲骨文公司被俄勒冈州的俄勒冈健康管理局（OHA）授予合同，开发Cover Oregon，这是该州根据美国患者保护与平价医疗法案（Affordable Care Act）的医疗保健交易网站。当该网站试图在2013年10月1日上线时，它失败了，不得不使用纸质申请表进行注册直到网站修复。

On April 25, 2014, the State of Oregon voted to discontinue Cover Oregon and instead use the federal exchange to enroll Oregon residents.[123] The cost of switching to the federal portal was estimated at $5 million, whereas fixing Cover Oregon would have required another $78 million.
【参考译文】2014年4月25日，俄勒冈州投票决定停止使用Cover Oregon，转而使用联邦交易平台来为俄勒冈居民办理登记手续。[123] 转换到联邦门户的成本估计为500万美元，而修复Cover Oregon则需要另外7800万美元。

Oracle president Safra Catz responded to Cover Oregon and the OHA in a letter claiming that the site's problems were due to OHA mismanagement, specifically that a third-party systems integrator was not hired to manage the complex project.[124][125]
【参考译文】甲骨文总裁Safra Catz在一封回应Cover Oregon和OHA的信中声称，该网站的问题是由于OHA管理不善造成的，特别是没有雇用第三方系统集成商来管理这个复杂的项目。[124][125]

In August 2014, Oracle Corporation sued Cover Oregon for breach of contract,[126] and then later that month the state of Oregon sued Oracle Corporation, in a civil complaint for breach of contract, fraud, filing false claims and "racketeering".[127] In September 2016, the two sides reached a settlement valued at over $100 million to the state, and a six-year agreement for Oracle to continue modernizing state software and IT.[128][129][130][131]
【参考译文】2014年8月，甲骨文公司因违反合同而起诉Cover Oregon，[126] 随后在同一月，俄勒冈州对甲骨文公司提起民事诉讼，指控其违反合同、欺诈、提交虚假索赔以及“敲诈勒索”行为。[127] 2016年9月，双方达成了一项价值超过1亿美元的和解协议，并且甲骨文与该州达成了一项为期六年的协议，继续现代化该州的软件和信息技术。[128][129][130][131]

5.6 集体诉讼追踪 | Class action tracking lawsuit

On August 23, 2022, Oracle was hit with a class action lawsuit by Lieff Cabraser representing Michael Katz-Lacabe, Dr. Jennifer Golbeck and Dr. Johnny Ryan, the latter of which is a senior fellow at the Irish Council for Civil Liberties. The lawsuit, which demands a jury trial, alleges that Oracle has engaged in "deliberate and purposeful surveillance of the general population via their digital and online existence", specifically focusing on Oracle operating a surveillance machine which tracks in real-time and records indefinitely the personal information of hundreds of millions of people. The litigants against Oracle argue that through such surveillance, the company violates the Federal Electronic Communications Privacy Act, California's state constitution, the California Invasion of Privacy Act, competition law, and California Common Law.[24][25]
【参考译文】2022年8月23日，代表Michael Katz-Lacabe、Jennifer Golbeck博士和Johnny Ryan博士的Lieff Cabraser律师事务所对甲骨文公司提起了集体诉讼。Johnny Ryan博士是爱尔兰公民自由委员会的高级研究员。该诉讼要求陪审团审判，并指控甲骨文公司通过人们的数字和在线存在，对普通大众进行了“故意且有目的的监视”，特别是聚焦于甲骨文运营的一台监控机器，该机器实时追踪并无限期记录数亿人的个人信息。起诉甲骨文的原告方认为，通过这种监视行为，公司违反了联邦电子通信隐私法、加州州宪法、加州隐私侵犯法、竞争法以及加州普通法。[24][25]

5.7 违反《反海外腐败法》| Violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act

5.7.1 非洲 | Africa

In August 2011, The Wall Street Journal reported that Oracle was being investigated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation for paying bribes to government officials in order to win business in Africa, in contravention of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act (FCPA).[132]
【参考译文】2011年8月，《华尔街日报》报道说，甲骨文公司正在接受联邦调查局的调查，原因是涉嫌为了在非洲赢得业务而向政府官员行贿，违反了《外国腐败行为法案》（FCPA）。[132]

5.7.2 印度 | India

In 2012 Oracle agreed to pay about $2 million to the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). The SEC at the time alleged that the company's India subsidiary structured transactions with foreign governments in a way that enabled them to hold about $2.2 million of the proceeds inside funds that could be used for unauthorized purposes and therefore was a violation of the FCPA.[133]
【参考译文】2012年，甲骨文同意向美国证券交易委员会（SEC）支付约200万美元。当时，SEC指控甲骨文的印度子公司以一种特殊的方式处理与外国政府的交易，使得他们能够将大约220万美元的收入保存在一个可能被用于未经授权用途的资金池中，因此违反了《外国腐败行为法案》（FCPA）。[133]

5.7.3 印度、土耳其、阿拉伯联合酋长国 | India, Turkey, United Arab Emirates

In September 2022, Oracle settled with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) without admitting or denying its findings, by agreeing to pay $23 million to settle the charges. The SEC announced that Oracle violated the FCPA between 2014 and 2019 when its subsidiaries in India, Turkey and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) created slush funds to bribe foreign officials in order to win business.[134][135]
【参考译文】2022年9月，甲骨文公司与美国证券交易委员会（SEC）达成了和解，既不承认也不否认SEC的调查结果，同意支付2300万美元以了结指控。SEC宣布，甲骨文公司在2014年至2019年间违反了《外国腐败行为法案》（FCPA），其在印度、土耳其和阿联酋的子公司建立了小金库，用于贿赂外国官员以赢得业务。[134][135]

5.7.4 南非国库合同和腐败调查 | South African National Treasury contract and corruption probe

In 2017, a whistleblower notified the SEC and US Department of Justice, alleging possible violations of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act in awarding of a R1 billion (2015) (equivalent to R1.17 billion or US$88.54 million in 2018)[136] contract by National Treasury in 2015.[137]
【参考译文】2017年，一名举报人通知了美国证券交易委员会（SEC）和美国司法部，指控在2015年由国家财政部授予的一份价值10亿兰特（2015年价值，相当于2018年的11.7亿兰特或8854万美元）的合同过程中，可能存在违反《外国腐败行为法案》的行为。[136]

In March 2024, South Africa's Special Investigating Unit found that there were conflicts of interest, irregular processes, and non-compliance with policies and legislation, and said it would petition to blacklist Oracle in South Africa, cancel the contract and recover the money paid.[138]
【参考译文】2024年3月，南非特别调查组（Special Investigating Unit）发现存在利益冲突、程序不规范以及不符合政策和立法的情况，并表示将申请在南非将甲骨文列入黑名单，取消该合同并追回已支付的款项。[138]

正文6. 事件 | Events

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

6.1 收购Sun微系统公司 | Acquisition of Sun Microsystems

Main article: Acquisition of Sun Microsystems by Oracle Corporation 【主条目：甲骨文公司收购Sun Microsystems】

In January 2010, Oracle completed its acquisition of Sun Microsystems—valued at more than $7 billion—a move that transformed Oracle from solely a software company to a manufacturer of both software and hardware. The acquisition was delayed for several months by the European Commission because of concerns about MySQL, but was unconditionally approved in the end.[139] In September 2011, U.S. State Department Embassy cables were leaked to WikiLeaks. One cable revealed that the U.S. pressured the E.U. to allow Oracle to acquire Sun.[140]
【参考译文】2010年1月，甲骨文完成了对Sun Microsystems的收购，这笔交易价值超过70亿美元，使甲骨文从单纯的软件公司转变为软硬件制造商。由于欧盟委员会对MySQL的担忧，此次收购被推迟了几个月，但最终还是无条件获批。[139] 2011年9月，美国国务院大使馆的电报被泄露给维基解密。其中一份电报透露，美国向欧盟施压，允许甲骨文收购Sun。[140]

The Sun acquisition was closely watched by free software users and some companies, due to the fear that Oracle might end Sun's traditional support of free projects.[141][142][143][144] Since the acquisition, Oracle has discontinued OpenSolaris and StarOffice, and sued Google over the Java patents Oracle acquired from Sun.[145][146]
【参考译文】由于担心甲骨文可能会终止Sun对自由项目的传统支持，自由软件用户和一些公司密切关注着Sun的收购。[141][142][143][144] 自从收购以来，甲骨文停止了OpenSolaris和StarOffice的支持，并就从Sun获得的Java专利起诉了谷歌。[145][146]

6.2 来自美国司法部的欺诈指控 | Fraud Accusations by the US Department of Justice

On July 29, 2010, the United States Department of Justice (DoJ) filed suit against Oracle Corporation alleging fraud. The lawsuit argues that the government received deals inferior to those Oracle gave to its commercial clients. The DoJ added its heft to an already existing whistleblower lawsuit filed by Paul Frascella, who was once senior director of contract services at Oracle.[147] It was settled in 2011.[148]
【参考译文】2010年7月29日，美国司法部（DoJ）对甲骨文公司提起诉讼，指控其欺诈行为。诉讼指出，政府所得到的交易条件不如甲骨文给予其商业客户的条件优惠。司法部加入了由Paul Frascella先前提起的一桩举报人诉讼，Frascella曾是甲骨文公司的合同服务高级总监。[147] 该案件于2011年达成和解。[148]

6.3 与谷歌的诉讼 | Lawsuit against Google

Main article【主条目】: Oracle v. Google

6.3.1 背景 | Background

Oracle, the plaintiff, acquired ownership of the Java computer programing language when it acquired Sun Microsystems in January 2010.[149] The Java software includes sets of pre-developed software code to allow programs and apps to accomplish common tasks in a consistent manner. The pre-developed code is organized into separate "packages" which each contain a set of "classes". Each class contains numerous methods, which instruct a program or app to do a certain task. Software developers "became accustomed to using Java's designations at the package, class, and method level".[150]
【参考译文】甲骨文公司在2010年1月收购Sun Microsystems时，获得了Java编程语言的所有权。[149] Java软件包含预先开发好的软件代码集，允许程序和应用程序以一致的方式完成常见任务。这些预先开发的代码被组织成独立的“包”，每个包包含一组“类”。每个类包含多个方法，指示程序或应用程序执行特定任务。软件开发者“习惯了使用Java在包、类和方法级别的命名约定”。[150]

Oracle and Google (the defendant) tried to negotiate an agreement for Oracle to license Java to Google, which would have allowed Google to use Java in developing programs for mobile devices using the Android operating system. However, the two companies never reached an agreement. After negotiations failed, Google created its own programming platform, which was based on Java, and contained 37 copied Java packages as well as new packages developed by Google.[150]
【参考译文】骨文（原告）和谷歌（被告）曾试图协商一项协议，让甲骨文授权Java给谷歌使用，这将允许谷歌在开发基于Android操作系统的移动设备程序时使用Java。然而，两家公司未能达成协议。谈判破裂后，谷歌创建了自己的编程平台，该平台基于Java，并包含了37个复制的Java包以及由谷歌开发的新包。[150]

6.3.2 首次尝试 | First trial

In 2010, Oracle sued Google for copyright infringement for the use of the 37 Java packages.[150][149] The case was handled in U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California and assigned to Judge William Alsup (who taught himself how to code computers[151]).[149] In the lawsuit, Oracle sought between $1.4 billion and $6.1 billion.[149] In June 2011 the judge had to force Google through a judicial order to make public the details about Oracle's claim for damages.[149]
【参考译文】2010年，甲骨文因使用37个Java包而起诉谷歌侵犯版权。[150][149] 该案在美国加利福尼亚北部地区法院审理，并由法官William Alsup负责（他自己学会了计算机编程[151]）。[149] 在诉讼中，甲骨文寻求14亿美元至61亿美元的赔偿。[149] 2011年6月，法官不得不通过司法命令迫使谷歌公开有关甲骨文索赔细节的信息。[149]

By the end of the first jury trial (the legal dispute would eventually go on to another trial) the arguments made by Oracle's attorneys focused on a Java function called "rangeCheck":
【参考译文】在第一次陪审团审判结束时（这场法律纠纷最终还会进行另一次审判），甲骨文的律师们所提出的论点集中在了一个名为“rangeCheck”的Java函数上：

The argument centered on a function called rangeCheck. Of all the lines of code that Oracle had tested—15 million in total—these were the only ones that were 'literally' copied. Every keystroke, a perfect duplicate. – The Verge, 10/19/17[151]
【参考译文】争论的焦点集中在一个名为rangeCheck的功能上。在甲骨文测试的所有代码行——总计1500万行——中，这些是唯一被‘字面上’复制的代码。每一个按键，都是完美的复制品。— The Verge, 2017年10月19日[151]

Although Google admitted to copying the packages, Judge Alsup found that none of the Java packages were covered under copyright protection, and therefore Google did not infringe.[150]
【参考译文】尽管谷歌承认复制了这些包，但法官Alsup认定没有任何Java包受版权保护，因此谷歌并未构成侵权。[150]

6.3.3 首次上诉 | First appeal

After the case was over, Oracle appealed to the United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (750 F.3d 1339 (2014)).[150][152] On May 9, 2014, the appeals court partially reversed Judge Alsup's decision, finding that Java APIs are copyrightable. API stands for "application programming interface" and are how different computer programs or apps communicate with each other. However, the appeals court also left open the possibility that Google might have a "fair use" defense.[152]
【参考译文】在案件结束后，甲骨文向美国联邦巡回上诉法院（United States Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit，案号750 F.3d 1339 (2014)）提起上诉。[150][152] 2014年5月9日，上诉法院部分推翻了Alsup法官的判决，认定Java API是受版权保护的。API代表“应用程序编程接口”，是不同计算机程序或应用程序之间相互通讯的方式。然而，上诉法院也留下了可能性，即谷歌可能拥有“公平使用”的辩护理由。[152]

6.3.4 向最高法院请愿 | Supreme Court petition

On October 6, 2014, Google filed a petition to appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court, but the Supreme Court denied the petition.[152]
【参考译文】2014年10月6日，谷歌向美国最高法院提交了一份请愿书请求上诉，但最高法院驳回了这一请愿。[152]

6.3.5 第二次尝试 | Second trial

The case was then returned to the U.S. District Court for another trial about Google's fair use defense.[152] Oracle sought $9 billion in damages.[153] In May 2016, the trial jury found that Google's use of Java's APIs was considered fair use.[152]
【参考译文】案件随后被发回美国地区法院进行另一次关于谷歌“公平使用”辩护的审判。[152] 甲骨文寻求90亿美元的赔偿。[153] 2016年5月，审判陪审团认定谷歌对Java API的使用属于公平使用。[152]

6.3.6 第二次上诉 | Second appeal

In February 2017, Oracle filed another appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.[152] This time it was asking for a new trial because the District Court "repeatedly undermined Oracle's case", which Oracle argued led the jury to make the wrong decision. According to ZDNet, "For example, it [Oracle] says the court wrongly bought Google's claim that Android was limited to smartphones while Java was for PCs, whereas Oracle contends that Java and Android both compete as platforms for smart TVs, cars, and wearables."[153]
【参考译文】2017年2月，甲骨文再次向美国联邦巡回上诉法院提起上诉。[152] 这次它是要求一个新的审判，因为地区法院“多次削弱了甲骨文的案件”，甲骨文认为这导致陪审团做出了错误的决定。据ZDNet报道，“例如，甲骨文认为法院错误地接受了谷歌的说法，即Android仅限于智能手机而Java是用于PC的，而甲骨文坚持认为Java和Android都作为智能电视、汽车和可穿戴设备的平台相互竞争。”[153]

6.3+1 OpenSolaris的停止支持 | Discontinuation of OpenSolaris

On August 13, 2010, an internal Oracle memo leaked to the Internet cited plans for ending the OpenSolaris operating system project and community.[154] With Oracle planning to develop Solaris only in a closed source fashion, OpenSolaris developers moved to the Illumos and OpenIndiana project, among others.[155]
【参考译文】这意味着甲骨文公司在收购Sun Microsystems之后，决定停止对OpenSolaris这一开源操作系统的支持。如果您需要更多关于此决定的具体信息或背景，请告知，以便提供更详细的解释。通常，这样的决定可能涉及到公司对未来技术方向的战略考量。

6.5 OpenSSO的停止支持 | Discontinuation of OpenSSO

As Oracle completed their acquisition of Sun Microsystems in February 2010, they announced that OpenSSO would no longer be their strategic product.[156] Shortly after, OpenSSO was forked to OpenAM.[156] and will continue to be developed and supported by ForgeRock.
【参考译文】随着甲骨文公司在2010年2月完成了对Sun Microsystems的收购，他们宣布OpenSSO将不再作为其战略产品。[156] 不久之后，OpenSSO被分支为OpenAM，[156] 并将继续由ForgeRock进行开发和支持。

6.6 马克·赫德担任总裁 | Mark Hurd as president

On September 6, 2010, Oracle announced that former Hewlett-Packard CEO Mark Hurd was to replace Charles Phillips, who resigned as Oracle co-president. In an official statement made by Larry Ellison, Phillips had previously expressed his desire to transition out of the company. Ellison had asked Phillips to stay on through the integration of Sun Microsystems Inc.[157] In a separate statement regarding the transition, Ellison said "Mark did a brilliant job at HP and I expect he'll do even better at Oracle. There is no executive in the IT world with more relevant experience than Mark."[158]
【参考译文】2010年9月6日，甲骨文宣布前惠普公司首席执行官马克·赫德将接替查尔斯·菲利普斯，后者辞去了甲骨文联合总裁的职务。在拉里·埃里森发表的一份官方声明中提到，菲利普斯此前表达了希望离开公司的意愿。埃里森曾要求菲利普斯留下来直至完成对Sun Microsystems公司的整合。[157] 在另一份关于交接的声明中，埃里森说道：“马克在惠普的工作非常出色，我期待他在甲骨文做得更好。在IT领域内，没有哪位高管比马克更有相关经验了。”[158]

On September 7, 2010, HP announced a civil lawsuit against Mark Hurd "to protect HP's trade secrets",[159] in response to Oracle hiring Hurd. On September 20, Oracle and HP published a joint press release announcing the resolution of the lawsuit on confidential terms and reaffirming commitment to long-term strategic partnership between the companies.[160]
【参考译文】2010年9月7日，惠普宣布对马克·赫德提起民事诉讼，“以保护惠普的商业秘密”，[159] 这是对甲骨文聘用赫德的回应。9月20日，甲骨文和惠普发布了一份联合新闻稿，宣布以保密条款解决了这场诉讼，并重申了两家公司之间的长期战略合作关系。[160]

6.7 OpenOffice.org问题 | OpenOffice.org issue

A number of OpenOffice.org developers formed The Document Foundation and received backing by Google, Novell, Red Hat, and Canonical, as well as some others, but were unable to get Oracle to donate the brand OpenOffice.org, causing a fork in the development of OpenOffice.org with the foundation now developing and promoting LibreOffice. Oracle expressed no interest in sponsoring the new project and asked the OpenOffice.org developers that started the project to resign from the company due to "conflicts of interest". On November 1, 2010, 33 of the OpenOffice.org developers gave their letters of resignation.[161] On June 1, 2011, Oracle donated OpenOffice.org to the Apache Software Foundation.[162]
【参考译文】一群OpenOffice.org开发者成立了文档基金会，并得到了谷歌、Novell、红帽和Canonical等公司的支持，但未能说服甲骨文捐赠OpenOffice.org品牌，这导致了OpenOffice.org开发中的分裂，基金会现在开发并推广LibreOffice。甲骨文对赞助新项目不感兴趣，并要求启动该项目的OpenOffice.org开发者们因“利益冲突”而辞职。2010年11月1日，33名OpenOffice.org开发者提交了辞职信。[161] 2011年6月1日，甲骨文将OpenOffice.org捐赠给了Apache软件基金会。[162]

6.8 惠普和甲骨文诉讼 | HP and Oracle lawsuit

On June 15, 2011, HP filed a lawsuit in California Superior Court in Santa Clara, claiming that Oracle had breached an agreement to support the Itanium microprocessor used in HP's high-end enterprise servers.[163] Oracle called the lawsuit "an abuse of the judicial process"[164] and said that had it known SAP's Léo Apotheker was about to be hired as HP's new CEO, any support for HP's Itanium servers would not have been implied.[165]
【参考译文】2011年6月15日，惠普在圣克拉拉的加州高等法院提起诉讼，声称甲骨文违反了支持惠普高端企业服务器所使用的Itanium微处理器的协议。[163] 甲骨文称这一诉讼是“滥用司法程序”[164]，并表示如果早知道SAP的Léo Apotheker即将被聘为惠普的新任CEO，那么任何对惠普Itanium服务器的支持都不会被暗示。[165]

On August 1, 2012, a California judge said in a tentative ruling that Oracle must continue porting its software at no cost until HP discontinues its sales of Itanium-based servers.[166][167] HP was awarded $3 billion in damages against Oracle in 2016.[168] HP argued Oracle's canceling support damaged HP's Itanium server brand. Oracle had announced that it would appeal both the decision and damages, but the decision stayed.[169][170]
【参考译文】2012年8月1日，一位加州法官在一项初步裁决中表示，甲骨文必须无偿继续移植其软件，直到惠普停止销售基于Itanium的服务器。[166][167] 2016年，惠普获得了针对甲骨文的30亿美元赔偿。[168] 惠普辩称，甲骨文取消支持损害了惠普的Itanium服务器品牌。甲骨文宣布将对这一裁决和赔偿提出上诉，但裁决仍然有效。[169][170]

6.9 GSA业务竞标禁令 | GSA business bidding ban

On April 20, 2012, the US General Services Administration banned Oracle from the most popular portal for bidding on GSA contracts for undisclosed reasons. Oracle has previously used this portal for around four hundred million dollars a year in revenue.[171] Oracle previously settled a lawsuit filed under the False Claims Act, which accused the company of overbilling the US government between 1998 and 2006. The 2011 settlement forced Oracle to pay $199.5 million to the General Services Administration.[172]
【参考译文】2012年4月20日，美国总务管理局（General Services Administration，简称GSA）因未公开的原因禁止甲骨文公司通过最受欢迎的门户参与GSA合同的竞标。甲骨文之前每年通过这个门户获得大约四亿美元的收入。[171] 甲骨文此前曾解决了一起根据《虚假申报法》（False Claims Act）提起的诉讼，该诉讼指控甲骨文公司在1998年至2006年间向美国政府超额收费。2011年的和解迫使甲骨文向总务管理局支付了1.995亿美元。[172]

6.10 美国对TikTok的操作 | U.S. TikTok's operations

On September 13, 2020, Bloomberg News reported that Oracle won a bidding war with other U.S.-based companies to take over social media company TikTok's operations in the United States following the company's pressure to forcibly be shut down by the Trump administration. Oracle was described as a "trusted tech partner" by TikTok, suggesting the deal may not be as structured as an outright sale.[173] On September 19, 2020, the Trump administration approved of the sale of TikTok's US operations to Oracle "[delaying] — by one week — restrictions that were originally to take effect" on September 20 as indicated by the United States Department of Commerce.[174] 【参考译文】2020年9月13日，彭博新闻报道，甲骨文在与其他美国公司争夺社交媒体公司TikTok在美国业务的竞标战中胜出，此前特朗普政府施压要求强制关闭TikTok。甲骨文被TikTok描述为“可信的技术合作伙伴”，这表明该交易可能不会像完全出售那样结构化。[173] 2020年9月19日，特朗普政府批准了将TikTok美国业务出售给甲骨文的交易，“延迟了一周”原本定于9月20日生效的限制措施，正如美国商务部所指示的那样。[174]

On February 10, 2021, The Wall Street Journal reported, citing a source familiar with the matter, the Biden administration would be backing off from banning TikTok and shelving the sale of TikTok indefinitely, as the U.S. Commerce Department began reviewing whether or not Trump's claims about TikTok can justify the attempts to ban it.[175] On February 27, 2023 Biden changed his "indefinite" stance on TikTok as he echoed Trump's 2020 claims of disapproval. Biden said Federal agencies have thirty days to remove TikTok from all federal devices. Federal contractors must meet the same standard in ninety days. On March 8, 2024 Biden said he would sign a bipartisan bill banning TikTok in the United States if the Chinese company ByteDance didn't divest.
【参考译文】2021年2月10日，《华尔街日报》援引知情人士的消息报道称，拜登政府将放弃禁止TikTok的做法，并无限期搁置TikTok的出售，因为美国商务部开始审查特朗普关于TikTok的说法是否能证明尝试禁止它的合理性。[175] 2023年2月27日，拜登改变了他对TikTok的“无限期”立场，重申了特朗普在2020年的反对言论。拜登表示，联邦机构有三十天的时间从所有联邦设备中移除TikTok。联邦承包商必须在九十天内达到同样的标准。2024年3月8日，拜登表示，如果中国公司字节跳动不撤资，他将签署一项两党法案禁止TikTok在美国的运营。