不便外发的段落 | 三星集团 / Samsung

正文7.争议 | Controversies

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

7.1 劳动滥用 | Labor abuses

Samsung was the subject of several complaints about child labor in its supply chain from 2012 to 2015.
【参考译文】从2012年到2015年，三星因供应链中存在童工问题而受到了多次投诉。

In July 2014, Samsung cut its contract with Shinyang Electronics after it received a complaint about the company violating child labor laws.[196] Samsung says that its investigation turned up evidence of Shinyang using underage workers and that it severed relations immediately per its "zero tolerance" policy for child labor violations.
【参考译文】2014年7月，在接到关于Shinyang Electronics违反童工法律的投诉后，三星终止了与该公司的合同。[196] 三星表示，其调查发现Shinyang使用了未成年工人，并且根据其对童工违规行为的“零容忍”政策，立即切断了与Shinyang的关系。

One of Samsung's Chinese supplier factories, HEG, was criticized for using underage workers by China Labor Watch (CLW) in July 2014. HEG denied the charges and has sued China Labor Watch.[197][198] CLW issued a statement in August 2014 claiming that HEG employed over ten children under the age of 16 at a factory in Huizhou, Guangdong. The group said the youngest child identified was 14 years old. Samsung said that it conducted an onsite investigation of the production line that included one-on-one interviews but found no evidence of child labor being used. CLW responded that HEG had already dismissed the workers described in its statement before Samsung's investigators arrived.[196]
【参考译文】2014 年 7 月，中国劳工观察组织 (CLW) 批评三星的中国供应商之一海格国利使用童工。海格国利否认了这些指控，并起诉了中国劳工观察。[197][198] 2014 年 8 月，中国劳工观察发布声明，称海格国利在广东惠州的一家工厂雇佣了十多名 16 岁以下的童工。该组织表示，发现的最小童工年龄为 14 岁。三星表示，他们对该生产线进行了现场调查，包括一对一访谈，但没有发现使用童工的证据。中国劳工观察回应称，在三星调查人员到达之前，海格国利已经解雇了声明中描述的工人。[196]

CLW also claimed that HEG violated overtime rules for adult workers. CLW said a female college student was only paid her standard wage despite working four hours of overtime per day even though Chinese law requires overtime pay at 1.5 to 2.0 times standard wages.[196]
【参考译文】CLW 还声称，海格电器违反了针对成年工人的加班规定。CLW 称，一名女大学生每天加班 4 个小时，却只拿到标准工资，而中国法律规定加班费应为标准工资的 1.5 至 2.0 倍。[196]

In 2020, the Australian Strategic Policy Institute accused at least 82 major brands, including Samsung, of being connected to forced Uyghur labor in Xinjiang.[199]
【参考译文】2020 年，澳大利亚战略政策研究所指控三星等至少 82 个主要品牌与新疆强迫维吾尔族劳动有关。[199]

7.2 破坏工会活动 | Union-busting activity

Main article: Samsung and unions【主条目：三星与工会】

2013年10月21日，《韩国经济》报道三星一份名为“2012年S集团劳资战略”的文件内容曾经提及“如有员工企图成立劳工工会，公司将立刻采取行动，查处相关员工的行为，严加惩罚、以儆效尤，预先彻底铲除集团内成立工会的任何势力。”文件亦透露三星已另行成立“劳资协议会”组织，负责阻碍员工组织工会。另一方面，《京乡新闻》的报道亦称三星为掌握工会情况还在室内安装闭路电视监视系统，甚至派人进行尾随跟踪。KBS报道指出“浦项三星电子服务中心工作的几名职员加入当地的金属工会，没几天这几个人就调职到附近的庆州分公司，不仅上班时间增加，收入也大幅减少”，引发外界质疑三星镇压工会。[28]

Samsung has a no-union policy and has been engaged in union-busting activities around the world.[200][201] Samsung has also been sued by a union for stealing the corpse of a dead worker.[202][203] On 6 May 2020, Samsung vice chairman Lee Jae-yong apologized for the union-busting scandals.[204]
【参考译文】三星奉行无工会政策，并在世界各地从事破坏工会的活动。[200][201] 三星还因偷窃死去工人的尸体而被工会起诉。[202][203] 2020 年 5 月 6 日，三星副董事长李在镕为破坏工会丑闻道歉。[204]

7.4 2007 年贿赂丑闻 | 2007 slush fund scandal

Kim Yong-chul, the former head of the legal department at Samsung's Restructuring Office, and Catholic Priests Association for Justice uncovered Lee Kun-hee's slush fund on 29 October 2007. He presented a list of 30 artworks that the Lee family purchased with some of the slush funds, which were to be found in Samsung's warehouse in south of Seoul, along with documents about bribes to prosecutors, judges and lawmakers, tax collectors with thousands of borrowed-named bank account.[205][206]
【参考译文】三星重组办公室前法务部门负责人金龙哲（Kim Yong-chul）和正义天主教神父协会于2007年10月29日揭露了李健熙的秘密资金。他列出了一份由秘密资金购买的30件艺术品清单，这些艺术品存放在首尔南部的三星仓库中。同时还公布了关于向检察官、法官和立法者行贿，以及利用数千个借名银行账户逃税的相关文件。[205][206]

The court sentenced Lee Kun-hee to 3 years' imprisonment with 5 years' probation, and fined him ₩11 billion (US$9.62 million). But on 29 December 2009, the South Korean president Lee Myung-bak specially pardoned Lee, stating that the intent of the pardon was to allow Lee to remain on the International Olympic Committee.[207]
【参考译文】法庭判处李健熙三年监禁，缓刑五年，并处罚款110亿韩元（约合962万美元）。但2009年12月29日，韩国总统李明博特别赦免了李健熙，称赦免的目的是为了让李健熙能够继续留在国际奥委会。[207]

Kim Yong-chul published a book 'Thinking about Samsung' in 2010. He wrote detailed accounts of Samsung's behavior and how the company lobbied governmental authorities including the court officials, prosecutors and national tax service officials for transferring Samsung's management rights to Lee Jae-yong.[208]
【参考译文】金龙哲在2010年出版了一本书名为《思考三星》的书。他在书中详细记述了三星的行为，以及公司如何游说包括法院官员、检察官和国家税务机关在内的政府部门，以实现将三星的管理权移交给李在镕的过程。[208]

7.5 李健熙嫖娼丑闻 | Lee Kun-hee's prostitution scandal

In July 2016, the investigative journal KCIJ-Newstapa released a video which appeared to show Samsung chairman Lee Kun-hee paying a group of prostitutes for sex acts.[209] The footage was filmed on five separate occasions between December 2011 and June 2013 both at Lee's residence and a secret rental home.[210]
【参考译文】2016 年 7 月，调查杂志《KCIJ-Newstapa》发布了一段视频，其中似乎显示三星董事长李健熙向一群妓女付钱进行性行为。[209] 该视频是在 2011 年 12 月至 2013 年 6 月期间五次在李健熙的住所和一处秘密出租屋拍摄的。[210]

Police detained six suspects for taking the compromising videos without Lee Kun-hee's knowledge.[211] Investigators stated that, by threatening to release the tapes, the suspects were able to extort ₩500 million (US$437,082.04) from Samsung, a claim which Samsung representatives denied.[212]
【参考译文】警方拘留了六名在李健熙不知情的情况下拍摄了这些视频的嫌疑人。[211] 调查人员称，通过威胁公布录像带，嫌疑人向三星勒索了 5 亿韩元（437,082.04 美元），但三星代表否认了这一说法。[212]

One of the suspects, surnamed Seon, was a former executive of a competitor Chaebol, CJ CheilJedang, which used to be part of Samsung Group until its separation in 1993.[213] Lee Kun-hee's older brother is Lee Jay-hyun, the Chairman of CJ CheilJedang, and the two shared a heated rivalry.[214] This fraternal feud fueled rumours that, as a former CJ employee had been indicted, Lee Jay-hyun had co-ordinated the scandal against his younger brother. However, prosecutors were not able to find sufficient evidence that CJ's leadership had knowledge or involvement in their former executive's actions.[215]
【参考译文】其中一名嫌疑人姓善，曾是竞争对手 CJ 第一制糖集团的前高管，该集团曾是三星集团的一部分，直到 1993 年分离。[213] 李健熙的哥哥是 CJ 第一制糖董事长李在铉，两人之间有着激烈的竞争。[214] 兄弟之间的不和引发了谣言，称李在铉在一名前 CJ 员工被起诉时策划了针对其弟弟的丑闻。然而，检察官未能找到足够的证据证明 CJ 领导层知情或参与了其前高管的行为。[215]

On 12 April 2018, Supreme Court of Korea sentenced the former employee of CJ CheilJedang to four years and six months in prison for blackmail and intimidation.[216]
【参考译文】2018 年 4 月 12 日，韩国最高法院以敲诈勒索、恐吓等罪名判处 CJ 第一制糖前员工四年六个月监禁。[216]

While it was speculated that prosecutors were looking into Lee Kun-hee's culpability for sex trafficking, charges were never pursued, likely due to his health.[212] Lee Kun-hee had suffered a heart attack in 2014 and had lapsed into a coma, where he remained until his death in 2020.[217][218]
【参考译文】虽然有人猜测检察官正在调查李健熙是否犯有性交易罪，但很可能是由于他的健康状况，因此从未提出指控。[212] 李健熙于 2014 年心脏病发作，陷入昏迷，直到 2020 年去世。[217][218]

7.6 2017 年贿赂丑闻 | 2017 bribery scandal

In February 2017, de facto Samsung leader Lee Jae-yong was arrested for bribery, embezzlement, hiding assets overseas and perjury. In return for government approval for a merger of two Samsung affiliates, it was alleged that Lee paid ₩43 billion (US$37.59 million) to a close friend of incumbent President Park Geun-hye.[219] He was convicted and initially sentenced to 5 years incarceration, but left prison after a year when the Seoul High Court suspended and halved his sentence.[220][221] Then, following a retrial in 2021, Lee was sent back to prison for 2.5 years.[222] He was released early after serving 10 months of his sentence in August 2021 as part of South Korea's yearly tradition of clemency on Liberation Day.[223] In August 2022, Lee received a presidential pardon, which was supported by 70% of the Korean public, according to local polls.[224]
【参考译文】2017年2月，事实上的三星领导人李在镕因涉嫌贿赂、贪污、海外藏匿资产和作伪证而被捕。据指控，为了换取政府对其将两家三星附属公司合并的批准，李在镕向时任总统朴槿惠的一名密友支付了430亿韩元（约3759万美元）。[219] 李在镕被判罪名成立，最初被判处5年监禁，但在一年后，首尔高等法院暂停了他的判决并将刑期减半，因此他得以离开监狱。[220][221] 随后，在2021年经过重审后，李在镕被重新判处2.5年的监禁。[222] 作为韩国每年光复日特赦传统的一部分，李在镕在服刑10个月后的2021年8月提前获释。[223] 2022年8月，李在镕获得了总统特赦，根据当地民调显示，此举得到了70%的韩国公众支持。[224]

7.7 支持极右翼团体 | Supporting far-right groups

The investigative team of special prosecutors looking into the 2016 South Korean political scandal announced that the Blue House received money from South Korea's four largest chaebols (Samsung, Hyundai Motor Group, SK Group and LG Group) to fund pro-government demonstrations by conservative and far-right organizations such as the Korean Parent Federation (KPF) and the Moms Brigade.[225]
【参考译文】负责调查 2016 年韩国政治丑闻的特别检察官调查小组宣布，青瓦台收受了韩国四大财阀（三星、现代汽车集团、SK 集团和 LG 集团）的资金，用于资助韩国家长联合会（KPF）和妈妈团等保守派和极右翼组织举行的亲政府示威活动。[225]

7.8 操纵价格 | Price fixing

On 19 October 2011, Samsung companies were fined €145,727,000 for being part of a price cartel of ten companies for DRAMs which lasted from 1 July 1998 to 15 June 2002. The companies received, like most of the other members of the cartel, a 10% reduction for acknowledging the facts to investigators. Samsung had to pay 90% of their share of the settlement, but Micron avoided payment as a result of having initially revealed the case to investigators.[226]
【参考译文】2011年10月19日，由于参与了一个从1998年7月1日至2002年6月15日持续存在的动态随机存取存储器（DRAM）价格操纵卡特尔，三星公司与其他九家公司一起被罚款1.45727亿欧元。这些公司如同卡特尔的其他大部分成员一样，因承认事实而获得了10%的罚款减免。三星需支付其应承担罚款的90%，而Micron则因为最初向调查人员揭发了此案而免于支付罚款。[226]

In Canada, during 1999, some DRAM microchip manufacturers conspired to price fix, among the accused included Samsung. The price fix was investigated in 2002. A recession started to occur that year, and the price fix ended; however, in 2014, the Canadian government reopened the case and investigated silently. Sufficient evidence was found and presented to Samsung and two other manufacturers during a class action lawsuit hearing. The companies agreed upon a $120 million agreement, with $40 million as a fine, and $80 million to be paid back to Canadians who purchased a computer, printer, MP3 player, gaming console or camera from April 1999 to June 2002.[227]
【参考译文】在加拿大，1999年期间，一些DRAM微芯片制造商密谋调整价格，其中被控告的公司包括三星。这一价格操纵行为在2002年被调查。同年一场经济衰退开始，价格操纵行为结束；然而，在2014年，加拿大政府重新开启了此案，并悄悄地展开了调查。在集体诉讼听证会上，找到了足够的证据并呈递给三星及其他两家制造商。最终，这些公司同意了一项1.2亿美元的和解协议，其中包括4000万美元的罚款，以及8000万美元退还给从1999年4月至2002年6月期间购买了电脑、打印机、MP3播放器、游戏机或相机的加拿大消费者。[227]

7.9 误导性宣传 | Misleading claims

In Australia during 2022, Australia's competition and consumer commission fined Samsung AU$14 million. The fine came due to misleading water resistance claims for over 3.1 million smartphones. The commission stated that during 2016–2018 the company advertised its Galaxy S7, S7 Edge, A5, A7, S8, S8 Plus and Note 8 devices as able to survive short immersion in water. However, after many user complaints about the devices having issues after water submersion, such as charger port corrosion. The ACC have officially labelled the fact these devices have "water resistance" listed as a feature misleading and proceeded with the fine.[228]
【参考译文】2022年在澳大利亚，澳大利亚竞争与消费者委员会对三星处以1400万澳元的罚款。罚款的原因是三星对超过310万部智能手机进行了误导性的防水宣传。委员会表示，在2016年至2018年期间，该公司宣传其Galaxy S7、S7 Edge、A5、A7、S8、S8 Plus和Note 8设备能够在短时间内浸入水中而不受损。然而，在许多用户投诉这些设备在浸水后出现诸如充电端口腐蚀等问题后，澳大利亚竞争与消费者委员会正式认定将“防水”列为这些设备的功能是一种误导行为，并因此实施了罚款。[228]

7.10 控制韩国

2012年12月9日，美国《华盛顿邮报》刊登了一则以“韩国，三星民国（In South Korea, the Republic of Samsung）”为题的报道[25]，指三星“规模庞大、势力无孔不入，是韩国最大经济成就，但也是最具争议的”，又引用韩国经济数字广播节目主持禹硕勋的话：“你甚至可以说，三星集团会长的权力比大韩民国总统还大；韩国人民已认为三星无可匹敌，凌驾法律之上。”[26]

7.11 无视法律

三星曾于2012年阻止韩国公正交易委员会进入公司调查，同时涉及销毁相关文件。韩国朝鲜日报就此发表一篇措词强烈的社论，称“三星眼中还有王法吗”，并痛批三星集团“目中无政府，无视韩国法律的存在，在韩国公然享受‘治外法权’。”社论又提及三星拒绝接受韩国公平会调查，“正好说明了韩国政府在企业集团面前有多么软弱无力；韩国的法律在处理大企业上有多么没用。三星之所以敢如此视韩国法律如无物，正是因为他们过去数十年里，利用提供‘奖学金’的方式，建立了广泛的人脉，而且三星还号称有全韩国最好的法律团队，使得韩国政府没人能拿三星怎么样。”[27]

7.12 卷入政治风暴

参见：2016年韩国政治丑闻

在崔顺实的干政事件中，三星集团涉及帮其女儿郑维罗购置马场及赛马，并总共为他们提供了数十亿韩元。[29][30]

2017年2月17日，李在镕副会长因涉及向朴槿惠总统行贿以及挪用公款、在“亲信门”丑闻听证会上作伪证、包庇犯罪等嫌疑而遭到特别检查组逮捕[31]。同月28日，韩国检方以行贿与挪用公款的罪名起诉集团副会长李在镕和包括两名“未来战略室”主管在内的四名高管[32][33]。

2017年朴槿惠遭罢免后，李在镕被判刑5年，但2018年上诉法庭就驳回他大部分的行贿指控，获得缓刑，当庭释放。但随后最高法院裁决李在镕行贿案发回二审法院重审，他接着被定罪再度入狱。

李在镕为了更容易掌控家族集团，涉嫌操纵股市而受审，他因为同样的理由贿赂朴槿惠，而遭到定罪。

2021年8月13日，三星副会长李在镕假发布狱。