不便外发的段落 | 联合利华 / Unilever

正文4.5 沙门氏菌污染 | Salmonella contamination

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In July 2016, rumours about salmonella contamination in cereals spread among Israeli consumers.[154] Initially, Unilever did not provide public information about the subject and queries on the matter were rebuffed by the company as a non-story and nonsense. On 26 July 2016, Unilever had stopped transferring cornflakes to retailer chains.[155] On 28 July, Yedioth Ahronoth reported tens of thousands of boxes of breakfast cereal had been destroyed.[156] By 28 July, despite the company's assurances that nothing contaminated was released for consumption, many customers stopped buying Unilever products and started to throw away all cornflakes made by Unilever.[157] The company withheld information about the affected production dates.[158] Unilever had published more information about Telma cereals handled on the packaging line in which the contamination was discovered and that a Telma announcement had been made: "We again stress that all Telma products in the stores and in your homes are safe to eat. According to our company's strict procedures, every production batch is checked and put on hold. These products are not marketed until test results for this product series are returned, confirming that all is well. If any flaw is discovered, the batch is not marketed to stores, as was the case."[159] In the following days the Health Minister, Yakov Litzman, threatened to pull Unilever's licence in Israel. He accused Unilever of lying to his ministry regarding salmonella-infected breakfast cereals.[160]
【参考译文】2016年7月，关于谷物中沙门氏菌污染的谣言在以色列消费者中传播。[154] 最初，联合利华没有提供有关该主题的公开信息，公司对此事的询问被斥为无稽之谈。到2016年7月26日，联合利华已停止向零售商链转移玉米片。[155] 7月28日，《耶迪奥特·阿赫罗诺特》报道称数万盒早餐谷物已被销毁。[156] 尽管公司保证没有受污染的产品被放行供消费，但到7月28日，许多顾客停止购买联合利华产品，并开始丢弃所有联合利华制造的玉米片。[157] 公司隐瞒了受影响生产日期的信息。[158] 联合利华公布了更多关于在发现污染的包装线上处理的Telma谷物的信息，并且已经发布了Telma声明：“我们再次强调，商店和您家中的所有Telma产品都是安全可食用的。根据我们公司的严格程序，每个生产批次都会进行检查并暂停。这些产品在确认该产品系列的测试结果返回且一切正常之前不会被推向市场。如果发现任何缺陷，该批次就不会进入商店销售，正如此次事件一样。”[159] 在接下来的几天里，卫生部长雅科夫·利兹曼威胁要撤销联合利华在以色列的许可证。他指责联合利华对其部门就受沙门氏菌感染的早餐谷物撒谎。[160]

On 7 August 2016, Globes reported that contamination may be sourced in pigeon faeces, the Health Ministry said that there might be other sources for the contamination and pigeon faeces are not the only possible source. Globes also said that the production line is automatic ("without human hands") and the possibility that the source is human is a very slim chance.[161] On 8 August 2016, the Israeli Health minister suspended a manufacturing license until Unilever carry out several corrections; the action came after an inspection of the Arad plant, stating "This was a series of negligent mistakes and not an incident with malicious intent by the firm's management and quality control procedures."[162] An investigation led by Itamr Grutto and Eli Gordon concluded that the event was caused by negligence.[163] Reportedly the cereals produced between the 18th and 20th at the Arad plant had traces of salmonella.[164]
【参考译文】2016年8月7日，《环球报》报道称污染可能源自鸽粪，卫生部表示污染可能还有其他来源，鸽粪并非唯一可能的源头。《环球报》还提到生产线是自动化的（“无需人手操作”），因此人为因素导致污染的可能性极小。[161] 2016年8月8日，以色列卫生部长暂停了一项生产许可证，直到联合利华执行几项整改措施；此举是在检查阿拉德工厂后采取的，声明称“这是一系列疏忽的错误，而非公司管理层和质量控制程序的恶意行为。”[162] 由Itamr Grutto和Eli Gordon领导的调查得出结论，此事件是由于疏忽造成的。[163] 据报道，阿拉德工厂在18日至20日之间生产的谷物中发现了沙门氏菌的痕迹。[164]

Two class actions were filed in Israel, one for a sum of 1.2 million NIS (~$329K USD) against Unilever for hiding the contamination and misleading the public,[165] and another for a sum of 76 million NIS (~$23m USD) against Unilever after a 15-year-old teen had been hospitalised for Salmonellosis after allegedly contracting it from Unilever products.[166]
【参考译文】以色列共提起两起集体诉讼，其中一起要求赔偿 120 万新谢克尔（约合 32.9 万美元），指控联合利华隐瞒污染情况并误导公众[165]；另一起要求赔偿 7600 万新谢克尔（约合 2300 万美元），指控一名 15 岁的青少年因食用联合利华产品后感染沙门氏菌而住院[166]。

On 31 August 2016, Unilever stated that the Tehina products produced by RJM had been contaminated by salmonella.[167]
【参考译文】2016 年 8 月 31 日，联合利华表示 RJM 生产的 Tehina 产品受到沙门氏菌污染。[167]

正文5. 争议 | Controversies

文中可能包含无法从中国内地访问的链接。

5.1 价格操纵 | Price-fixing

In April 2011, Unilever was fined €104 million by the European Commission for establishing a price-fixing cartel for washing powder in Europe, along with Procter & Gamble and Henkel.[168][169]
【参考译文】2011年4月，联合利华因在欧洲建立洗衣粉价格操纵卡特尔而被欧盟委员会罚款1.04亿欧元，同时被罚的还有宝洁公司和汉高公司。[168][169]

In 2016, Unilever and Procter & Gamble were both fined by Autorité de la concurrence in France for price-fixing on personal hygiene products.[170][171]
【参考译文】2016年，联合利华和宝洁公司因个人卫生产品的价格操纵被法国竞争管理局处以罚款。[170][171]

5.2 汉普顿溪诉讼案 | Hampton Creek lawsuit

In November 2014, Unilever filed a lawsuit against rival Hampton Creek.[172] In the suit,[173] Unilever claimed that Hampton Creek was "seizing market share" and the losses were causing Unilever "irreparable harm". Unilever used standard of identity regulations in claiming that Hampton Creek's Just Mayo products are falsely advertised because they don't contain eggs.[174] The Washington Post[175] headline on the suit read "Big Food's Weird War Over The Meaning of Mayonnaise." The Los Angeles Times[176] began its story with "Big Tobacco, Big Oil, now Big Mayo?" A Wall Street Journal writer described that "Giant corporation generates huge quantities of free advertising and brand equity for tiny rival by suing it."[177] In December 2014, Unilever dropped the claim.[178]
【参考译文】2014年11月，联合利华对竞争对手汉普顿溪提起了诉讼。[172] 在诉讼中，[173] 联合利华声称汉普顿溪“抢占市场份额”，并且损失给联合利华造成了“不可挽回的损害”。联合利华利用身份标准规定，声称汉普顿溪的Just Mayo产品虚假宣传，因为它们不含鸡蛋。[174]《华盛顿邮报》[175]关于这场诉讼的标题是“大食品公司关于蛋黄酱含义的奇怪战争”。《洛杉矶时报》[176]以“大烟草，大石油，现在是大蛋黄酱？”开始了它的故事。《华尔街日报》的一位作者描述说，“通过起诉小对手，大公司为其产生了大量的免费广告和品牌价值。”[177] 2014年12月，联合利华撤销了这一指控。[178]

5.3 施压媒体推广美白产品 | Pressuring media to promote skin whiteners

Kinita Shenoy, an editor of the Sri Lanka edition of Cosmopolitan, refused to promote skin whiteners for a brand of Unilever. Unilever put pressure on Shenoy and asked Cosmopolitan to fire her.[179][180]
【参考译文】《时尚》杂志斯里兰卡版编辑基尼塔·谢诺伊 (Kinita Shenoy) 拒绝为联合利华的某品牌宣传美白产品。联合利华向谢诺伊施压，要求《时尚》杂志解雇她。[179][180]

5.4 针对罢工工人的暴力行为 | Violence against striking workers

In 2019, security forces hired by Unilever attacked workers that were peacefully picketing at a Unilever facility in Durban in South Africa. Workers were shot at with rubber bullets and paint balls and pepper sprayed while attempting to walk to their cars parked on the premises. Four workers were seriously injured.[181]
【参考译文】2019 年，联合利华雇佣的安全部队袭击了在南非德班联合利华工厂内和平抗议的工人。工人在试图走向停在工厂内的汽车时遭到橡皮子弹和彩弹的射击，并遭到胡椒喷雾的袭击。四名工人受重伤。[181]

5.5 在巴勒斯坦被占领土的贸易 | Trade in the occupied Palestinian Territories

In July 2021, Ben & Jerry's announced plans to end sales in "Occupied Palestinian Territory", within which Israeli settlements are considered illegal under international law, while continuing sales in other parts of Israel.[182] Prior to the release of the statement, Unilever had clashed with Ben & Jerry's independent board of directors, which had not wanted to comment on the continuation of sales in other parts of Israel, as this required board approval.[183] Board chair Anuradha Mittalttal said the board had resolved to end sales in Israeli settlements in July 2020, but the CEO, Matthew McCarthy, appointed by Unilever in 2018, "never operationalized" the resolution.[183]
【参考译文】2021年7月，Ben & Jerry's宣布计划停止在“被占领的巴勒斯坦领土”的销售，根据国际法，该地区内的以色列定居点被视为非法，同时继续在以色列其他地区销售。[182] 在声明发布之前，联合利华与Ben & Jerry's的独立董事会发生了冲突，后者不想对在以色列其他地区继续销售发表评论，因为这需要董事会批准。[183] 董事会主席Anuradha Mittal表示，董事会已在2020年7月决定结束在以色列定居点的销售，但由联合利华于2018年任命的首席执行官Matthew McCarthy“从未实施”该决议。[183]

In June 2022, Unilever announced that it had sold its Ben & Jerry's division in Israel to American Quality Products, the company that has the exclusive license to sell Ben & Jerry's products in Israel and the Palestinian territories.[184] The sale of the division to American Quality Products allows it to continue to sell Ben & Jerry's products in Israel and the Palestinian territories.[184] Later that day, Ben & Jerry's tweeted that it disagreed with its parent company's decision and that the "arrangement means Ben & Jerry's in Israel will be owned and operated by AQP. [...] We continue to believe it is inconsistent with Ben & Jerry's values for our ice cream to be sold in the Occupied Palestinian Territory."[185][186]
【参考译文】2022 年 6 月，联合利华宣布已将其位于以色列的 Ben & Jerry's 部门出售给美国优质产品公司，该公司拥有在以色列和巴勒斯坦领土销售 Ben & Jerry's 产品的独家许可。[184] 将该部门出售给美国优质产品公司使其能够继续在以色列和巴勒斯坦领土销售 Ben & Jerry's 产品。[184] 当天晚些时候，Ben & Jerry's 在推特上表示不同意母公司的决定，并表示“该安排意味着以色列的 Ben & Jerry's 将由 AQP 拥有和经营。[...] 我们仍然认为，在巴勒斯坦被占领土销售我们的冰淇淋不符合 Ben & Jerry's 的价值观。”[185][186]

5.6 俄乌战争期间的俄罗斯贸易 | Trade in Russia amid the Russo-Ukrainian War

Following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, many Western companies curtailed their operations in Russia.[187] Unilever have temporarily suspended all imports and exports to Russia, but its Russian wing continues to trade there.[188] Between 2021 and 2022 profits in Russia doubled to 9.2 billion rubles (€108 million) and the business paid 3.2 billion rubles (€38 million) in taxes; giving rise to criticism that the company is directly helping to fund Russia's war effort in Ukraine.[189]
【参考译文】2022 年 2 月俄罗斯入侵乌克兰后，许多西方公司缩减了在俄罗斯的业务。[187] 联合利华已暂停对俄罗斯的所有进出口，但其俄罗斯分公司仍在俄罗斯开展贸易。[188] 2021 年至 2022 年间，该公司在俄罗斯的利润翻了一番，达到 92 亿卢布（1.08 亿欧元），企业缴纳了 32 亿卢布（3800 万欧元）的税款；这引发了人们对该公司直接帮助资助俄罗斯在乌克兰的战争努力的批评。[189]

In response to this, and claims that the company had broken previous promises to only sell essential items, and to cut all advertising spending in Russia, Unilever's CEO Alan Jope said: "We still believe that staying is the best option, both to prevent our company from falling directly or indirectly into Russian hands and to protect our people."[190]
【参考译文】针对这一说法，以及该公司违背了之前只在俄罗斯销售必需品和削减所有广告支出的承诺，联合利华首席执行官艾伦·乔普表示：“我们仍然认为留下来是最好的选择，这样既可以防止我们的公司直接或间接地落入俄罗斯人手中，也可以保护我们的员工。”[190]

In July 2023, the Ukrainian National Agency on Corruption Prevention included Unilever in the list of “war sponsors” for not ceasing operations in Russia, but continuing to profit from this market.[191] It was reported that the company paid €331 million in taxes in Russia in 2022, with a spokesperson for the Ukraine Solidarity Project saying: "Unilever is contributing hundreds of millions in tax revenues to a state which is killing civilians and funding a mercenary group about to be designated a terrorist organisation in the UK. It risks its staff and resources being mobilised into Putin’s machine. Some of the world’s biggest companies have already left Russia. It’s possible – after 16 months of war – that the time for excuses has passed."[192] In a letter to B4Ukraine, Unilever said it paid 3.8bn roubles (£33m) in tax in 2022, similar to the previous year.[193]
【参考译文】2023年7月，乌克兰国家反腐败局将联合利华列入“战争赞助商”名单，原因是该公司未停止在俄罗斯的运营，而是继续从这个市场中获利。[191] 据报道，该公司在2022年向俄罗斯支付了3.31亿欧元的税款，乌克兰团结项目的发言人表示：“联合利华为一个杀害平民和资助即将在英国被指定为恐怖组织的雇佣兵团体的国家贡献了数以亿计的税收。它冒着其员工和资源被动员进普京机器的风险。一些世界上最大的公司已经离开了俄罗斯。经过16个月的战争，借口的时间可能已经过去了。”[192] 联合利华在给B4Ukraine的信中表示，它在2022年支付了38亿卢布（3300万英镑）的税款，与前一年相似。[193]

In July 2023, it was reported that Unilever would allow 3,000 of its Russian employees to be conscripted into the Russian army fighting in Ukraine.[194][193]
【参考译文】2023 年 7 月，据报道，联合利华将允许 3,000 名俄罗斯员工被征召加入在乌克兰作战的俄罗斯军队。[194][193]

On 25 July 2023, the new CEO of Unilever, Hein Schumacher, appointed that month, told reporters that the company had considered leaving Russia or selling the business. The first option, according to him, was abandoned, fearing the nationalization of the company, as was the second, because they could not find a worthy buyer. As a result, the continuation of a limited presence in Russia was considered the lesser evil. "None of the options are actually good, but the final option of operating our business in a constrained manner is the least bad and that is where we are," he said.[195]
【参考译文】2023 年 7 月 25 日，当月上任的联合利华新任首席执行官海因·舒马赫 (Hein Schumacher) 告诉记者，该公司曾考虑离开俄罗斯或出售业务。据他介绍，第一个选择被放弃了，因为他们担心公司会被国有化，第二个选择也被放弃了，因为他们找不到合适的买家。因此，继续在俄罗斯保持有限的存在被认为是两害相权取其轻。“实际上，这些选择都不是好的，但以受限的方式经营我们业务的最终选择是最不坏的，这就是我们现在的处境，”他说。[195]