参见、参考文献、外部链接：苦力 / Coolie
本文为辽观整合的中英文词条的参见、参考文献、外部链接部分。
参见、参考文献、外部链接
Wikipedia; CathayVista
8/20/202410 min read
1. 参见(维基百科的相关词条)
提示：本部分链接中有些指向无法从中国内地直接访问的站点。
India portal【印度主题】
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2. 英文词条参考文献
提示：本部分链接中有些指向无法从中国内地直接访问的站点。
^ Jump up to:a b c "Coolie Definition & Meaning - Merriam-Webster". 4 January 2023. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
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^ Jump up to:a b c d "Coolie Definition & Meaning | Dictionary.com". 4 January 2023. Archived from the original on 4 January 2023. Retrieved 4 January 2023.
^ Jung, Moon Ho (2006). Coolies and Cane: Race, Labor, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 16.
^ Gaurav, Kumar; Singhal, Mayank. Licensing and Livelihood: Railway Coolies (PDF). Centre for Civil Society (CCS), India. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 April 2015. Retrieved 6 April 2015.
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^ Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2015). "Coolie". Oxford Dictionary of English (3rd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780191727665.
^ Burrow, T. (Thomas); Emeneau, M. B. (Murray Barnson) (1984). A Dravidian etymological dictionary. p. 173.
^ Stearns, Peter N, ed. (2008). "Coolie Trade". The Oxford Encyclopedia of the Modern World. New York (N.Y.): Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195341126.
^ Kämpfer, Engelbert (1727). The History of Japan.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Dictionary, Arts, Sciences, and General Literature (9th, American Reprint ed.). Maxwell Sommerville (Philadelphia). 1891. p. 296. Volume VI.
^ Jump up to:a b Yun, Lisa (2008). The Coolie Speaks: Chinese Indentured Laborers and African Slaves in Cuba. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 6.
^ Jump up to:a b c Hu-Dehart, Evelyn (1994). "Chinese Coolie Labor in Cuba in the Nineteenth Century: Free Labor of Neoslavery". Contributions in Black Studies. 12: 39.
^ Hu-Dehart, Evelyn (1994). "Chinese Coolie Labor in Cuba in the Nineteenth Century: Free Labor of Neoslavery". Contributions in Black Studies. 12: 38.
^ Jump up to:a b Jung, Moon Ho (2006). Coolies and Cane: Race, Labor, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University press. p. 14.
^ Eloisa Gomez Borah. "Chronology of Filipinos in America Pre-1989" (PDF). Anderson School of Management. University of California, Los Angeles. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 May 2012. Retrieved 25 February 2012.
^ Jump up to:a b Lisa Yun (2008). The Coolie Speaks: Chinese Indentured Laborers and African Slaves in Cuba. Philadelphia: Temple University Press. p. 6. ISBN 978-1592135837. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Jump up to:a b Lowe, Lisa (2015). The Four Intimacies of Continents. Duke University Press. p. 196. ISBN 978-0-8223-7564-7.
^ Coolie Trade in the 19th Century, archived from the original on 6 October 2013, retrieved 29 May 2013
^ Hugh Tinker (1993). New System of Slavery. Hansib Publishing, London. ISBN 978-1-870518-18-5.
^ Jump up to:a b Evelyn Hu-DeHart. "Coolie Labor". University of Colorado. Retrieved 14 June 2013.
^ Jump up to:a b c d Distant, W.L (1874). "Eastern Coolie Labour". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 3: 145. doi:10.2307/2841301. JSTOR 2841301.
^ Jung, Moon Ho (2006). Coolies and Cane: Race, Labor, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. p. 18.
^ Jung, Moon Ho (2006). Coolies and Cane: Race, Labor, and Sugar in the Age of Emancipation. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 30.
^ Dal Lago, Enrico. William Lloyd Garrison and Giuseppe Mazzini: Abolition, Democracy, and Radical Reform. Baton Rouge, Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press, 2013.
^ Gonzalez, Joaquin (2009). Filipino American Faith in Action: Immigration, Religion, and Civic Engagement. NYU Press. pp. 21–22. ISBN 9780814732977.
Jackson, Yo, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Multicultural Psychology. SAGE. p. 216. ISBN 9781412909488.
Juan, E. San Jr. (2009). "Emergency Signals from the Shipwreck". Toward Filipino Self-Determination. SUNY series in global modernity. SUNY Press. pp. 101–102. ISBN 9781438427379.^ Martha W. McCartney; Lorena S. Walsh; Ywone Edwards-Ingram; Andrew J. Butts; Beresford Callum (2003). "A Study of the Africans and African Americans on Jamestown Island and at Green Spring, 1619–1803" (PDF). Historic Jamestowne. National Park Service. Retrieved 11 May 2013.
Francis C.Assisi (16 May 2007). "Indian Slaves in Colonial America". India Currents. Archived from the original on 27 November 2012. Retrieved 11 May 2013.^ Look Lai, Walton (1998). The Chinese in the West Indies: a documentary history, 1806–1995. The Press University of the West Indies. ISBN 976-640-021-0.
^ Li, Anshan (2004). "Survival, Adaptation, and Integration: Origins and Development of the Chinese Community in Jamaica". In Wilson, Andrew R. (ed.). The Chinese in the Caribbean. Markus Wiener Publishers. p. 44. ISBN 978-1-55876-315-9.
^ Robinson, St. John (2010). "The Chinese of Central America: Diverse Beginnings, Common Achievements". In Look Lai, Walton; Tan, Chee Beng (eds.). The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brill. p. 108. ISBN 9789004182134.
^ Lowe, Lisa (2015). The Intimacies of the Four Continents. Duke University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-0-8223-7564-7.
^ Jump up to:a b Agnew, Jeremy (2013). Alcohol and Opium in the Old West: Use, Abuse and Influence. McFarland. p. 82,85. ISBN 978-0786476299.
^ Driscoll, Mark W. (2020). The Whites are Enemies of Heaven: Climate Caucasianism and Asian Ecological Protection. Durham: Duke University Press. ISBN 978-1-4780-1121-7.
^ Christina Miu Bing Cheng (1999). Macau: A Cultural Janus. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 31–32. ISBN 9622094864.
^ Simpson, Tim (2023). Betting on Macau: Casino Capitalism and China's Consumer Revolution. Globalization and Community series. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-5179-0031-1.
^ Simpson, Tim (2023). Betting on Macau: Casino Capitalism and China's Consumer Revolution. Globalization and Community series. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press. ISBN 978-1-5179-0031-1.
^ Asia-Canada:Chinese Coolies, archived from the original on 7 May 2013, retrieved 14 June 2013
^ American Involvement in the Coolie Trade (PDF), retrieved 14 June 2013
^ "Chinese Coolies in Cuba" (PDF), The New York Times, 16 July 1876, retrieved 14 June 2013
^ Chinese Indentured Labour in Peru, retrieved 14 June 2013
^ Jump up to:a b c d e f g h "History of Indian and Chinese Coolies and their Descendants". Retrieved 17 December 2013.
^ "Forced Labour". The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom. 2010.
^ Jump up to:a b Slave Trade:Coolie Trade (PDF), archived from the original (PDF) on 13 December 2013, retrieved 29 May 2013
^ Jump up to:a b Hu-DeHart, Evelyn (2017). "From Slavery to Freedom: Chinese Coolies on the Sugar Plantations of Nineteenth Century Cuba". Labour History – via JSTOR.
^ "Coolie". Encyclopædia Britannica, 9th edition. Adam and Charles Black. 1877.
^ "Taste of Peru". Taste of Peru. Archived from the original on 27 September 2013. Retrieved 16 June 2013.
^ Hiramatsu, Daniel Afonso; Franco, Laércio Joel; Tomita, Nilce Emy (20 November 2006). "Influência da aculturação na autopercepção dos idosos quanto à saúde bucal em uma população de origem japonesa". Cadernos de Saúde Pública. 22 (11): 2441–2448. doi:10.1590/S0102-311X2006001100018. PMID 17091181.
^ "Identity, Rebellion, and Social Justice Among Chinese Contract Workers in Nineteenth-Century Cuba" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 February 2012. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
^ CIA – The World Factbook. Cia.gov. Retrieved on 9 May 2012.
^ Simms, TM; Wright, MR; Hernandez, M; Perez, OA; Ramirez, EC; Martinez, E; Herrera, RJ (August 2012). "Y-chromosomal diversity in Haiti and Jamaica: contrasting levels of sex-biased gene flow". Am J Phys Anthropol. 148 (4): 618–31. doi:10.1002/ajpa.22090. PMID 22576450.
^ DNA study from ancestry24 Archived 2 December 2012 at the Wayback Machine
^ Quintana-Murci, L; Harmant, C; Quach, H; Balanovsky, O; Zaporozhchenko, V; Bormans, C; van Helden, PD; Hoal, EG; Behar, DM (2010). "Strong maternal Khoisan contribution to the South African coloured population: a case of gender-biased admixture". Am. J. Hum. Genet. 86 (4): 611–20. doi:10.1016/j.ajhg.2010.02.014. PMC 2850426. PMID 20346436.
^ Jump up to:a b Narvaez, Benjamin N. "Chinese Coolies in Cuba and Peru: Race, Labor, and Immigration, 1839–1886." (2010): 1–524. Print.
^ Jump up to:a b Significance of Chinese Coolies to Cuba, doi:10.1353/jaas.2001.0022, S2CID 144069384, retrieved 14 June 2013
^ Helly, "Idéologie et ethnicité"; Rodríguez Pastor, "Hijos del Celeste Imperio"; Trazegnies Granda, "En el país de las colinas de arena", Tomo II
^ Walter Liggett, The Rise of Herbert Hoover (New York, 1932)
^ Indian South Africans:Coolie commission 1872, retrieved 29 May 2013
^ Meagher, Arnold J. (2008). The Coolie Trade: The Traffic in Chinese Laborers to Latin America 1847–1874. Arnold J. ISBN 9781436309431. Retrieved 7 February 2013.[permanent dead link]
^ "London, Tuesday, August 12, 1890." Times, 12 August 1890, p. 7. The Times Digital Archive, link.gale.com/apps/doc/CS117756684/TTDA?u=tall85761&sid=bookmark-TTDA&xid=60955784. Accessed 27 April 2023.
^ Droessler, Holger (15 October 2022). "How Chinese Migrant Workers Resisted Coconut Colonialism in Samoa". The Asia-Pacific Journal: Japan Focus. 20 (17).
^ Kenny, Kevin (25 July 2023). "The Antislavery Origins of Immigration Policy". The Problem of Immigration in a Slaveholding Republic: 141–C5P47. doi:10.1093/oso/9780197580080.003.0006. ISBN 978-0197580080.
^ University of Arkansas Archived 29 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine
^ [1] Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine The Chinese in California, 1850–1879
^ Bonilla, Heraclio. 1978. The National and Colonial Problem in Peru. Past & Present.
^ Coolie (Asian labourers), retrieved 29 May 2013
^ The Chinese American Experience:1857–1892, retrieved 29 May 2013
^ Gillion, Kenneth (1962). Fiji's Indian migrants : a history of the end of indenture in 1920. Melbourne: Oxford U.P.
^ Brij V. Lal and Kate Fortune, ed. (2000). "Girmitiya". The Pacific Islands : an encyclopedia ([Repr.]. ed.). Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press. pp. 110–111. ISBN 082482265X.
^ Lal, Brij V. (2004). Girmitiyas : the origins of the Fiji Indians. Lautoka, Fiji: Fiji Institute of Applied Studies. ISBN 978-0-8248-2265-1.
^ Gaiutra Bahadur (2014). Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. The University of Chicago. ISBN 978-0-226-21138-1
^ Carter, Marina; Torabully, Khal (2002). Coolitude : an anthology of the Indian labour diaspora. London: Anthem. ISBN 1843310031.
^ Praveen Kumar Jha (2019). Coolie Lines Archived 18 January 2022 at the Wayback Machine. New Delhi: Vani Prakashan. ISBN 978-93-88684-04-0
^ Gaiutra, Bahadur (2014). Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. Chicago: Chicago University Press. p. 25.
^ "St. Lucia's Indian Arrival Day". Caribbean Repeating Islands. 2009.
^ "Indian indentured labourers". The National Archives, Government of the United Kingdom. 2010.
^ Jump up to:a b Erickson, Edgar (June 1934). "The Introduction of East Indian Coolies into the British West Indies". The Journal of Modern History. 6 (2): 128. doi:10.1086/236112. S2CID 144403568.
^ Bahadur, Gaiutra (2014). Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 51–56.
^ Erickson, Edgar (June 1934). "The Introduction of East Indian Coolies into the British West Indies". The Journal of Modern History. 6 (2): 132. doi:10.1086/236112. S2CID 144403568.
^ "The Long, Long Trail – Researching soldiers of the British Army in the Great War of 1914-1919". Retrieved 20 December 2019.
^ http://guyanachronicle.com/2009/05/05/the-coolie-ships Guyan Chronicle
^ Wajid, Sara (19 November 2013). "Journey of the 'coolie' women in the history of the British empire". the Guardian. Retrieved 18 November 2022.
^ Walton Look Lai (1993). Indentured labor, Caribbean sugar: Chinese and Indian migrants to the British West Indies, 1838–1918. Johns Hopkins studies in Atlantic history and culture (illustrated ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 46. ISBN 0801844657. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ M. R. Fernando (1992). M. R. Fernando; David Bulbeck (eds.). Chinese Economic Activity in Netherlands India: Selected Translations from the Dutch. Data paper series. Vol. 2. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Institute of Southeast Asian. p. 204. ISBN 9813016213. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Perisa Campbell (2012). Chinese Coolie Emigration to Canada (reprint, revised ed.). Routledge. p. 21. ISBN 978-1136261527. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Eric Jay Dolin (2012). When America First Met China: An Exotic History of Tea, Drugs, and Money in the Age of Sail (illustrated ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. p. 291. ISBN 978-0871404336. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Teresa A. Meade (2011). A History of Modern Latin America: 1800 to the Present. Wiley Blackwell Concise History of the Modern World. Vol. 4 (illustrated ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-1444358117. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Distant, W.L. (1874). "Eastern Coolie LAbour". The Journal of the Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland. 3: 140. doi:10.2307/2841301. JSTOR 2841301.
^ Jump up to:a b Patricia Mohammd, "Gender Negotiations Among Indians in Trinidad, 917-1947," in The Caribbean History Reader, ed. Nicola Foote (New York: Routledge, 2013), 192-194.
^ Bahadur, Gaiutra (2014). Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 26–28.
^ Isabelle Lausent-Herrera (2010). Walton Look Lai; Chee Beng Tan (eds.). The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brill ebook titles. BRILL. p. 69. ISBN 978-9004182134. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Isabelle Lausent-Herrera (2010). Walton Look Lai; Chee Beng Tan (eds.). The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brill ebook titles. BRILL. p. 116. ISBN 978-9004182134. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Isabelle Lausent-Herrera (2010). Walton Look Lai; Chee Beng Tan (eds.). The Chinese in Latin America and the Caribbean. Brill ebook titles. BRILL. p. 68. ISBN 978-9004182134. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
^ Bahadur, Gaiutra (2014). Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. pp. 216–217.
^ Brian L. Moore (1995). Cultural Power, Resistance, and Pluralism: Colonial Guyana, 1838–1900. McGill-Queen's studies in ethnic history. Vol. 22 (illustrated ed.). McGill-Queen's Press – MQUP. p. 348. ISBN 077351354X. ISSN 0846-8869. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
^ Patricia Mohammd, "Gender Negotiations Among Indians in Trinidad, 917-1947," in The Caribbean History Reader, ed. Nicola Foote (New York: Routledge, 2013), 193.
^ Tan, Chee-Beng (2013). Routledge Handbook of the Chinese Diaspora. Routledge. p. 96. ISBN 978-0-415-60056-9.
^ López, Kathleen M. (10 June 2013). Chinese Cubans: A Transnational History. UNC Press Books. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-4696-0714-6.
^ Yun, Lisa (22 April 2008). The Coolie Speaks: Chinese Indentured Laborers and African Slaves in Cuba. Temple University Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-59213-583-7.
^ "Hasil Pencarian - KBBI Daring". kbbi.kemdikbud.go.id. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
^ "coolie | Indonesian translation". Cambridge Dictionary. Archived from the original on 3 May 2022.
^ "Hum Coolie - dedicated to the "coolies" of India". hum-coolie.com. Archived from the original on 5 December 2022. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
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^ Welch, Denton. Maiden Voyage (1983 Reprint ed.). London: Penguin Travel Library. p. 152.
3. 中文词条参考文献
提示：本部分链接中有些指向无法从中国内地直接访问的站点。
刘以焕 - 齐齐哈尔大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 1995
^ Kämpfer, Engelbert. The History ofk,o Japan. 1727.
^ Encyclopædia Britannica, Dictionary, Arts, Sciences, and General Literature 9th, American Reprint. Maxwell Sommerville (Philadelphia). 1891: 296. Volume VI.
^ 从苦力到主人翁-纪念华人到古巴150 周年 驰骋 - 拉丁美洲研究, 1998
^ 美国与中国的“苦力” 贸易——兼论十九世纪中国旅美“苦力” 华工 梁碧莹 - 中山大学学报(哲学社会科学版), 1985
^ 十九世纪拉丁美洲的华工述略 罗荣渠 - 世界历史, 1980
^ 台湾苦力研究-黑奴, 乌鬼, 苦力制蜕变 郑水萍 - 台湾国家政策学刊, 2011
^ 中国苦力在古巴 熊建成 淡江大学拉丁美洲研究所, 1988
4. 延伸阅读 | Further reading
提示：本部分链接中有些指向无法从中国内地直接访问的站点。
Bahadur, Gaiutra (2013). Coolie Woman: The Odyssey of Indenture. Hurst Publishers. ISBN 978-1-84904-277-2.
Lubbock, Basil (1981). The Coolie Ships and Oil Sailers. Brown, Son & Ferguson, Ltd. ISBN 9780851741116.
Varma, Nitin (2016). Coolies of Capitalism: Assam Tea and the Making of Coolie Labour. De Gruyter Oldenbourg. ISBN 978-3-11-046115-2.
Williams, Eric Eustace (1962). History of the People of Trinidad and Tobago. London: Andre Deutsch. ISBN 978-1-61759-010-8.
Yule, Henry; Burnell, Arthur Coke (1995). Hobson-Jobson: The Anglo-Indian Dictionary. Wordsworth Editions. ISBN 978-1-85326-363-7.
5. 外部链接 | External links
提示：本部分链接中有些指向无法从中国内地直接访问的站点。
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Coolie".
【参考译文】维基文库中存有1911年版《大英百科全书》"苦力"条目的文本。
"Labour and longing" by Vinay Lal
"Hum Coolie - dedicated to the "coolies" of India". Archived from the original on 5 December 2022.
Varupi, Jain (1 February 2004). "A burdensome livelihood". India Together.
"The history of eunuchs, explorers, and Chinese immigration to America". University of Arkansas Daily Headlines. 25 March 2003. Archived from the original on 29 October 2006.
Ramya Sivaraj, "A necessary exile", The Hindu (29 April 2007)
Commemoration of indentured, Aapravasi ghat 2 November 2007.
Description of conditions aboard clipper ships transporting coolies from Swatow, China, to Peru, by George Francis Train
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